Clinical Evaluation of the Diagnostic Effectiveness of Thyroid Radionuclide Imaging in Differentiating the Causes of Hyperthyroidism

Xiao-Wei Ma （ General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750000, China ）

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of thyroid radionuclide imaging in the differential diagnosis of the causes of hyperthyroidism and to provide scientific evidence for precise clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 120 patients with hyperthyroidism admitted between January 2022 and December 2023. The diagnostic performance of radionuclide imaging in differentiating the major causes—Graves’ disease, toxic multinodular goiter, and autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma—was systematically evaluated. Results: Among the 120 patients, 82 had Graves’ disease (68.33%), 25 had toxic multinodular goiter (20.83%), 10 had autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma (8.33%), and 3 had other causes (2.50%). The overall diagnostic accuracy of thyroid radionuclide imaging for differentiating the causes of hyperthyroidism reached 93.33% (112/120). The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing Graves’ disease were 96.34% and 90.91%, respectively; for toxic multinodular goiter, 88.00% and 97.62%, respectively; and for autonomously functioning thyroid adenoma, 90.00% and 99.09%, respectively. Conclusion: Thyroid radionuclide imaging can accurately reflect the structural morphology and functional status of the thyroid gland and demonstrates excellent accuracy in the differential diagnosis of hyperthyroidism causes.

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