Exploring Gut Microbiota and Alzheimer's Disease: From Mechanisms to Interventions

Rui Zhang （ Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310000, China ）

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by insidious onset and progressive development. Its core clinical manifestations include cognitive decline, memory impairment, and personality and behavioral changes. Currently, there are no curative treatments available clinically, and the underlying pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. In recent years, with the rapid advancement of microbiome technologies, the gut-brain axis has emerged as a prominent research focus in neurodegenerative diseases. Extensive studies have demonstrated that gut microbiota dysbiosis participates in the initiation and progression of AD through multiple pathways, including immune inflammation, metabolic disturbances, neural signaling, and blood-brain barrier damage. Modulating gut microbiota homeostasis offers a novel target for early prevention, control, and clinical intervention of AD. This paper systematically reviews the association mechanisms between gut microbiota and AD, summarizes the research progress of mainstream interventions such as probiotics, prebiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal microbiota transplantation, analyzes the current limitations and deficiencies in existing research, and looks forward to future research directions, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the development of novel prevention and treatment strategies for AD.

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