Vol 5 No 1 (2023)

• Exploration of the Treatment of Granulomatous Mastitis with Microwave Ablation

  Zhuo-Hua Li, Ping-Ping Zhan, Su-Yan Guo, Hai-Tao Peng

  Granulomatous mastitis is an inflammatory breast disease characterized primarily by granuloma formation, with traditional treatment methods exhibiting certain limitations. This article begins with the pathophysiology of granulomatous mastitis, analyzes the fundamental knowledge of microwave ablation technology, and discusses the effectiveness and influencing factors of microwave ablation treatment for granulomatous mastitis. The aim is to provide a reference for clinical treatment.

  PDF

• Ultrasonic Diagnosis of Breast Tumors

  De-Jun Hu

  Breast cancer is a malignant tumor caused by genetic mutations, which induced by various carcinogenic factors, in the epithelial cells of the terminal ductal lobule units of the breast. These mutations allow cancer cells to proliferate indefinitely, leading to a large, disordered accumulation of cancer cells that continuously infiltrate surrounding tissues. During the proliferation of malignant tumor cells, they release Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), which stimulates the neovascularization within the tumor. These neovascularization are usually micro-vessels with diameters less than 200 micrometers. The formation of neonatal vessels plays a crucial role in the growth, infiltration, and metastasis of tumors and appears earlier than morphological changes in the tumor. Therefore, early detection of tumor neovascularization is an important basis for the early diagnosis of malignant tumors. Conventional imaging methods are primarily based on morphological changes in breast tumors. Although color Doppler ultrasound can observe the distribution, deformation, flow rate, and resistance index of larger vessels within the tumor lesion, it is less effective in displaying low-speed micro-vessels. To address this gap, Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) technology was developed. CEUS technology enhances the contrast between blood and tissue using a contrast agent, highlighting the blood perfusion pattern and clearly showing the distribution and path of vessels within the lesion. This is considered a significant revolution in the history of ultrasound, providing a powerful tool for the detection of neovascularization in tumors.

  PDF

• Analysis of the Therapeutic Effects of Ultrasound-Guided Microwave Ablation at Different Energy Levels on Thyroid Nodules

  Elias Abula Abula, Xiangyou Yu

  Objective: To analyze the application effects of ultrasound-guided microwave ablation at different energy levels in the treatment of thyroid nodules. Methods: A total of 72 patients with thyroid nodules from November 2022 to November 2023 were selected for the study. They were randomly divided into a control group of 36 cases, treated with traditional surgery, and an observation group of 36 cases, treated with microwave ablation. The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared. Results: The levels of T4 and T3 in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The incidence of complications, TSH levels, hospitalization time, intraoperative blood loss, surgical time, and VAS scores were significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). The average volume reduction rate of nodules in the observation group showed a significant increase trend with the extension of ablation time, with the average volume initially decreasing and then increasing (P<0.05). Conclusion: Microwave ablation therapy for thyroid nodules can enhance therapeutic effects, improve thyroid function, prevent complications, and has potential for wider application.

  PDF

• Meta-analysis of the Incidence of Thyroid Nodules in China and a Survey on the Incidence of Thyroid Nodules in Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province

  Rui Xie, Guo-Cheng Liu, Hong-Yu Li, Xin Qu, Bing-Shuo Liu, Hong-Tao Hu

  Objective: This study aimed to understand the incidence of thyroid nodules in China through a meta-analysis and analyze the epidemiology of thyroid nodules in the adult population of Fuyu County, Heilongjiang Province, providing assistance for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We searched the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP databases to collect literature published from 2010 to 2021 on the incidence of thyroid nodules in China. Stata 15.1 software was used to estimate the prevalence, and subgroup analyses were performed for age, gender, and blood pressure factors. We also analyzed the health examination data of 10,911 adults in Fuyu County from 2016 to 2020, gathered during the Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital's precision poverty alleviation program "Healthy Prosperity Tour." The prevalence of thyroid nodules in the study population was calculated based on thyroid ultrasound results, and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 26.0 software. Results: The meta-analysis included a total of 330 studies. The results showed that the overall incidence of thyroid nodules in China was 34.7% [95% CI (32.9%, 36.5%)]. The incidence in males was 30.1% [95% CI (28.2%, 32.1%)], and in females, it was 40.1% [95% CI (27.8%, 42.4%)]. The total incidence of thyroid nodules in the three northeastern provinces (Heilongjiang, Jilin, and Liaoning) was 34.8% [95% CI (23.3%, 46.2%)], with a male incidence of 33.2% and a female incidence of 44.5%. The survey in Fuyu County revealed an overall incidence of 48.8% (5322/10911) for thyroid nodules. The female incidence was 53.3% (3937/7390), significantly higher than the male incidence of 39.3% (1385/3521), with statistically significant differences. Logistic regression analysis showed that the final factors included in the regression model were gender and age (P < 0.05), while blood pressure had no significant impact on thyroid nodules (P > 0.05). Discussion: The incidence of thyroid nodules in China is relatively high, with a significantly higher incidence in females than males, increasing with age. The incidence of thyroid nodules in Fuyu County is higher than in Heilongjiang Province, the three northeastern provinces, and the national average, warranting increased attention.

  PDF

• Advancements in Cancer Hypnotherapy Research

  Yuan Jia

  Tumor cells can evade pursuit from the body's immune system through various channels, proliferating extensively within the body and causing harm to normal tissues. With the continuous development of the medical field and the cross-pollination of knowledge from various disciplines such as molecular biology, immunology, and oncology, immunotherapy has been continually refined. Adopting immunotherapy has the advantage of effectively killing tumor cells with fewer and milder side effects, leading to its increasingly widespread application. In comparison to treatments for solid tumors, the evaluation of efficacy in immunotherapy is relatively unique.

  PDF