[1]Kounis NG , Zavras GM . Histamine-induced
coronary artery spasm: the concept of allergic angina [J]. Br J
Clin Pract , 1991 , 45 ( 2 ): 121 - 128 .
[2]Kounis NG. Kounis syndrome: an update on
epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapeutic
management[J]. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2016, 54(10):1545-
1559.
[3]Gazquez V ,Dalmau G ,Gaig p ,et al. kounis
syndrome: report of 5 cases. J Investing Allergal Clin
Immunol.2010,20(2):162-165.
[4]Lameires C , Real AC ,Orfao A ,et al. Metamizole
induced type I kounis syndrome. Easopean Journal of case
report in internal medicine,2021;8:2249-2252[5]Clemen B ,Nwosu I ,chukwuka N ,et al. Recognizing
kounis syndrome :A report of type 2 kounis syndrome and a
brief review of management .Cureus, 2021,1 3(11):19712-
19717.
[6]Helbling A, Hurni J, Plueller UR ,et al. Incidence of
anaphylaxis with circulatory symptoms: A study over 3 year
period comprising 940000 inhabitants of Swiss Canton Bern.
Clin. Exp.Allergy. 2004,34:285-90.
[ 7 ] Yo c u m M W , B u t t e r f i e l d J H , k l e i n J S
, e t a l . E p i d e m i o l o g y o f a n a p h y l a x i s i n o l m s t e d
country:A population-based study. J Allergy Clin
Immunot,1999,104:452-456.
[8]Serbes M, Can D, Atlihan F, et al.Common
features of anaphylaxis in children. Allergol Immuno
Pathoe,2007,41:255-260.
[9]KounisN G, Mazarakis A, Tsigkas G, et al.
Kounis syndrome: a new twist on an old disease. Future
Cardiol,2011,7（ 6）∶ 805-824.
[10]王心慧，王明媚，卫晋菲等。鹿瓜多肽致kounis
综合征一例。天津医药， 2018,46（ 9）： 999-1001
[11]Escudero BJ ,Rodriguez RM ,Gonzalezing, et, al .
A new etiological,agent of kounis syndrome. Int J Cardiol
2013,167:187-189.
[12]Coppola G ,Caccamo G ,Bacarella D ,et al.
Vasospastic angina and scombroid syndrome:a case report
.Acta Clin Belg.2012,67:222-225.
[13]Greifmpohl T ,Oversohl N ,et al. Acute stent
thrombosis in a sirolimus eluting stent after wasp sting
causing acute myocardial infarction:A case report.Case J
,2009,2:7800
[14]Akyel A, Murat SN ,Cay S ,et al.late drugs
eluting thrombosis due to acemetacine:TypeⅢ kounis
syndrome:kouins syndrome due to acemetacine. Int J
Cardiol,2002:155:461-462.
[15]Kovrabay Cl, Can MM, Janboga IH, et al.Recurrent
acute stent thrombosis due to allergic reaction secondary to
clopidogrel therapy. Am J Ther,2011,18:119-122.
[16]Kounis NG, Koniari I ,Gregorio C ,et al. Allergic
reactions to current available COVID-19 vaccinations:Vaccin
es.2021,9:221-240.
[17]Cine DB, Bussel . SARS-COV-2 Vaccine
induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia.N Engl J
Med.2021,384:2254-2256.
[18]Kounis NG ,Koniari T,Gregorio C ,et al.COVID-19
Disease, Women's predominant and non-heparin vaccine
induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia and kounis
syndrome:a passepartout cytokine storm interplay.
Biomedicines.2021,9:959-986.
[19]Kounis NG, Mazarakis A, Bardousis C,et al.The
heart and coronary ateries as primary target in severe allergic
reaction:cardiac troponins and kounis hypersensitivity
associated acute coronary syndrome, Int J Cardiol,
2015,195:83-84.
[20]Goto K ,Kasamas S, Sato M ,et al.Myocardial
sciutigraphit evidence of kounis syndrome:what is
the aetiology of acute coronary syndrome?Eur Heart
J,2016,37(14):1157.
[21]Abdelghary M, Subedi R, Shah S, et al. kounis
syndrome: A review article on epidemiology ,diagnostic
findings,management and complications of allergic acute
coronary syndrome.Int J Cadiol.2017,232:1-4.
[22]Kounis NG ,Giannopoals S ,Soufras GD ,et al. Foods
Drugs,and environmental factors:novel kounis syndrome
offeuders.Internal Medicine.2015,54(13):1577-1582.
[23]Kounis NG,Soufras GD ,Hahalis G.Anaphylactic
shock:kounis hypersensibivity associated syndrome seems to
be the primary cause .North American J of Medical sciences
2013,11:631-634.
[24]StoneSF, Cotterell C, Isbister GK, et al. Emergency
department anaphylaxiu investigators.Elevated serum
cytokines during human anaphylaxis:identification of potential
mediators of acute allergic reactions:J Allergy Clin Immunol
.2009,124:786-792.
[25]Ogawa Y ,Grcwt JA .Mediators of anaphylaxis .
Immunol Allergy Clin. 2007,27:249-260.
[26]Salari H ,Chan-yeung M .Mast cell mediators
stimulate synthesis of aracchidonic acid meta bolites in
macrophages. J Immund,1989,142:2821-2827.
[27]Fisher MM .Clinical observations on the
pathophysiology and treatment of anaphylactic casdiovascular
collapse. Anaesth Intensive Care.1986,14:17-21.
[28]Schummer W, Schummer C, Wipperman J, et al.
Anaphylactic shock:Is vasopressin the drug of choice?Anesth
esiology.2004,101:101501027.
[29]Felix SB, Baumann G, Berclel WE.Systemic
anaphylaxis separation of cardiac reactions from respiratoryand peripheral vascular events.Res Med.1990,190:239-252.
[30]Davidson J, zheng F, Tajima K, et al.Anaphylactic
shock decresases cerebra blood flow more than what
would be expected from severe arterial hypotension.Shock.
2012,38:429-435.
[31]Zhang W, Shibomoto T, Tanida M , et al. Rat hepatie
and splanchnic vascular respones to anaphylactic shock,
compared with hemorrhagie or vasodilatos induced shock. In
Vivo, 2013,27:485-93.
[32]Kuda Y ,Kurate Y ,Wang M ,et al. Major contribution
of vasospasm induce coronary blood flow reduction to
anaphylactie ventricular dysfunction assessed in isolated
blood. Perfused rat heart.Cardiol.2013.115-121.
[33]Tosaki A ,Koltai M ,Braquetp .In volvement
of platelet activating factor in anaphylax is of passively
sensitised, isolated guinea pig heart.Cardiovasc Res.
1989,23:715-722.
[34]Davcidson J , Zhenf F ,Tajima K ,et al.Anaphylactic
shock decreases cerebral blood flow more than would
be expected from severe arterial hypotension.Shock,
2012:38:429-435.
[ 3 5 ] F r i t s c h e P J , H e l b l i n g A , We b e r B K , e t
al.Vaccine hyperseusitivity-update and overview.Swiss
Med.2010,140:238-246.
[36]Khan S. Mast cell trypase level should be checked
in all patients with suspected kounis syndrome.Eur Heart
J.2020,41:3018.
[37]Hawe A,Flipe V,Jiskoot W.Fluorescent molecular
rotors as dyes to characterize polysorbate containing IgG
formulations.Pharm Res.2010,17:314-326.
[38]Sokolowska M, Eiwegger T, Ollert M, etal. EAACI
statement on diagnosis,management and prevention of severe
allergic reaction to COVID -19 vaccines.Allergy. 2021,
2:1315-1323.
[39]Dooling K,Marin H,Wallace M,et al.The advisory
committee on immunization practices update interim
recommendation for allocation of COVID-19 vaccine.Morb
Mortal Wkly Rep.2021.69:1657-1660.
[40]Kleine J,Klimek L,Hamelmann E, et al.Severe
allergic reaction to the COVID-19 vaccine- statement and
practical consequences.Allergol Sel.2021,5:26-28.
[41]Dai J,Madeeva D,Hayes V,et al.Dynamic
intercellular redistribution of HIT antigen modulates heparin
induced thrombocytopenia.Blood,2018,132:727-773.
[42]Mehta PR,Apapmangion S,Benger M,et al.Cerebral
venous sinus thrombosis and thromboctopenia after COVID-
19vaccination- a report of two UK case. Brain Behav
Immun.2021,95;514-517.
[43]Kounis NG, Soufras GD, Lianos D, et al. Heparin induced
thrombocytopenia,allergy to heparins,heart failure,thrombi
and kounis syndrome.Int J Cardiol.2016,214:505-509.
[44]Kounis NG,Koniari I,Soufras GD, et al.Kounis
syndrome:A review article on epidemiology,diagnostic
findings,management and complications of allergic acute
coronary syndrome:mastocytosis and post-mortem diagnosis.
Int J Ccadiol.2017,1:242-248.
[45]Abdelghany M,Shah S, Subedi R, et al.New
classification of kounis syndrome. Int J Ccardiol.
2017,15:247-264.
[46]Raschi E,Fertonani AL,Antonazzo IC,et al.Drug
induced kounis syndrome: a matter of pharma covigilance.Int
J Cardiol.2019,274:381-394.
[47]Takagis S,Goto Y,Hirose E,et al.Successful treatment
of refractory vasospastic angina with corticosteroids:coronary
arterical hyperactivity caused by local inflammation.
Circulation.2004,68:17-22.
[48]Fassio F,Losappio L,Amerigo D, et al.Kounis
syndrome :a concise review with focus on management.Eur J
Intern Med.2016,30:7-10.
[49]Sor J,Guideline development group.emergency
treatment of anaphylaxis in adults:concise guidance.Clin
Med.2009,9:181-185.
[50]Cevik C,Nugent K,Shome GP,et al.Treatment of
kounis syndrome.Int J Cardiol.2010,143:223-226.
[51]Ioannidis TL,Mazarakis A,Notaras SP, et
al.Hymenoptera sting-induced kounis syndrome:effects
of aspirin and beta-blocker administration.Int J Cardiol.
2007:121:105-108