Synthesis and Application of Some Pheromones and Insect Attractants in Sustainable Agricultural Development in Vietnam

Chi Hien Dang ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

Van-Dung Le ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

Thanh-Danh Nguyen ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

Van-Nam Dao ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

Minh-Trong Tran ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

Thi Yen-Nghi Le ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

Kim-Thuy Nguyen-Le ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

Anh-Tuan Nguyen ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

Nhat-Minh Phan ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

Dinh-Tri Mai ( Institute of Advanced Technology, VAST, 1B TL29 Street, Quarter 1, Thạnh Lộc Ward, District 12, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam )

https://doi.org/10.37155/2972-483X-SI-3

This Article Belongs To The Special Issue: Sustainable Process Engineering: Collaborations between Industry and Academia

Abstract

This article supplies a review and evaluation of research concerning the synthesis and field application of pheromones and insect attractants in Vietnam, focusing on raising sustainable agricultural development. We present the attractants and pheromones widely tested in Vietnam and Southeast Asia, providing a useful reference for researchers and scientists. Next, we summarize the methods of pheromone synthesis, including compounds with optical and geometric isomeric structures. Finally, the article evaluates the practical effectiveness of using pheromones in pest control in the field, demonstrating the role of Vietnamese scientists in independent research and international cooperation. These results promote environmentally friendly biological solutions and support sustainable agricultural development in Vietnam.

Keywords

Insect pheromones; Sustainable agriculture; Integrated pest management; Optical isomers; Geometric isomers; Pheromone traps

Full Text

PDF

References

1.Chow Y.S., Lin Y.M., and Hsu C.L., Sex pheromone of the diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). Bull. Inst. Zool. Acad. Sin. 16 (1977) 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60241-1
2.Heath R. R., Coffelt J. A., Sonnet P. E., Proshold F.I., Dueben B., Tumlinson J.H. - Identification of sex pheromone produced by female sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius elegantulus (Summers), J. Chem. Ecol. 12(6) (1986) 1489-1503. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01012367
3.Hallett R.H., Perez A.L., Gries G., Gries R., Pierce Jr. H.D., Yue J., Oehlschlager A.C., Gonzalez L.M., and Borden J.H., Aggregation pheromone of coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 21 (1995) 1549-1570. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02035152
4.Hallett R.H., Gries G., Gries R., Borden J.H., Czyzewska E., Oehlschlager A.C., Pierce H.D. Jr., Angerilli N.P.D., and Rauf A., Aggregation pheromones of two Asian palm weevils, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus and R. vulneratus, Naturwissenschaften, 80 (1993) 328-331. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01141908
5.Yang C.Y., Lee S., Choi K.S., Jeon H.Y., and Boo K.S. Sex pheromone production and response in Korean populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 124 (2007) 293-298. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.2007.00580.x
6.Sun F., Du J.W., and Chen T.H., The behavioral responses of Spodoptera litura (F.) males to the female sex pheromone in wind tunnel and field trapping tests. Acta Entomol. Sin. 46 (2003) 126-130. DOI: 10.1007/BF02027947
7.Jung C.R., Park Y.J., and Boo K.S., Optimal sex pheromone composition for monitoring Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Korea. J. Asia Pacific Entomol. 6 (2003) 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1226-8615(08)60183-1
8.Kvedaras O.L., Del Socorro A.P., and Gregg P.C., Effects of phenylacetaldehyde and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate on male response to synthetic sex pheromone in Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Aust. J. Entomol. 46 (2007) 224-230. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2007.00596.x
9.Wakamura S., Struble D.L., Matsuura H., Sato M., and Kegasawa K. Sex pheromone of the black cutworm moth, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): attractant synergist and improved formulation. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 21 (1986) 299-304. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006355.13207.91
10.Berger R.S., Isolation, identification, and synthesis of the sex attractant of the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 59 (1966) 767-771. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/59.4.767
11.Vincent C., and Stewart R.K., Effects of allyl isothiocyanate on field behavior of crucifer-feeding flea beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). J. Chem. Ecol. 10 (1984) 33-39.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00987641
12.Kawashita T., Rajapakse G.B.J.P., and Tsuruta K., Population surveys of Bactrocera fruit flies by lure trap in Sri Lanka. Res. Bull. Plant Prot. 40 (2004) 83-87.
13.Krysan J.L., Wilkin P.H., Tumlinson J.H., Sonnet P.E., Carney R.L., and Guss P.L., Responses of Diabrotica lemniscata and D. longicornis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to stereoisomers of 8-methyl-2-decyl-propanoate and studies on the pheromone of D. longicornis. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 79 (1986) 742-746. https://doi.org/10.1093/aesa/79.4.742
14.Guss P.L., Tumlinson J.H., Sonnet P.E., and McLaughlin J.R., Identification of a female-produced sex pheromone from the southern corn rootworm, Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi Barber. J. Chem. Ecol. 9 (1983) 1363-1375. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00994805
15.Jiang N.J., Mo B.T., Guo H., Yang J., Tang R., and Wang C.Z., Revisiting the sex pheromone of the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda, a new invasive pest in South China. Insect Sci. 29 (2022) 865-878. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7917.12956
16.Permana A.D., Samoedi D., Zagatti P., and Malosse C., Identification of pheromone components of sugar cane moth top borer, Tryporiza nivella F. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bull. Pusat Pen. 141 (1995) 80-85.
17.Wu D.M., Yan Y., Kong F., Li W., Yu S., Li J., and Zeng W., Sex pheromone of the sugarcane striped borer - identification of three components. Youji Huaxue. 10 (1990) 47-49.
18.Mochida O., Arida G.S., Tatsuki S., and Fukami J., A field test on a third component of the female sex pheromone of the rice striped stem borer, Chilo suppressalis, in the Philippines. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 36 (1984) 295-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1570-7458.1984.tb03443.x
19.Nagayama A., Wakamura S., Taniai N., and Arakaki N., Reinvestigation of sex pheromone components and attractiveness of synthetic sex pheromone of the pink borer, Sesamia inferens Walker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Okinawa. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 41 (2006) 399-404. DOI: 10.1303/aez.2006.399
20.Lebedeva K.V., Vendilo N.V., Kurbatov S.A., Pletnev V.A., Ponomarev V.L., Pyatnova Y.B., and Bocharova N.I., Identification of the pheromone of eastern-meadow cutworm Mythimna separata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Agrokhimiya. 5 (2000) 57-69.
21.Kawazu K., Adati T., Yosiyasu Y., Sumiartha K., Susila W., Sudiarta P., Purwanto H., and Tatsuki S., Sex pheromone components of the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), in Indonesia. J. Asia Pacific Entomol. 12 (2009) 97-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aspen.2009.01.001
22.Kawano Y., Mitchell W.C., and Matsumoto H., Identification of the male oriental fruit fly attractant in the golden shower blossom. J. Econ. Entomol. 61 (1968) 986-988. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/61.4.986
23.Konno Y., Arai K., Sekiguchi K., and Matsumoto Y., (E)-10-hexadecenal, a sex pheromone component of the yellow peach moth, Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenee (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 17 (1982) 207-217. https://doi.org/10.1303/aez.17.207
24.Nesbitt B.F., Beevor P.S., Hall D.R., Lester R., Sternlicht M., and Goldenberg S., Identification and synthesis of the female sex pheromone of the citrus flower moth, Prays citri. Insect Biochem. 7 (1977) 355-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-1790(77)90038-5
25.Vang L.V., Do N.D., An L.K., Son P.K., and Tetsu Ando T., Sex pheromone components and control of the citrus pock caterpillar, Prays endocarpa, found in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam. J. Chem. Ecol. 37 (2011) 134-140. DOI: 10.1007/s10886-010-9883-2
26.Chaina. Isolation, identification and synthesis of EAG-active components of the pine-caterpillar moth sex pheromone. Kagaku Tsuho. 21 (1979) 1004-1008.
27.Rhainds M., Lan C.C., King S., Gries R., Mo L.Z., and Gries G., Pheromone communication and mating behaviour of coffee white stem borer, Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Appl. Entomol. Zool. 36 (2001) 299-309. DOI: 10.1303/aez.2001.299
28.Sachin J.P., Selvasundaram R., Babu A., and Muraleedharan N., Behavioral and electroantennographic responses of the tea mosquito, Helopeltis theivora, to female sex pheromones. Environ. Entomol. 37 (2008) 1416-1421. DOI: 10.1603/0046-225x-37.6.1416
29.Bhanu K.R.M., Hall D.R., Awalekar R.V., Chandrashekharaiah M., Divya T.N., Prabhakara M.S., and Jayanth K.P., Identification and field evaluation of female sex pheromone of leaf-eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae). Int. J. Tropic. Insect Sci. 38 (2018) 274-282. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1742758418000243
30.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen C.T.H.G, Application of ultrasound in the synthesis of some insect attractant compounds, Vietnam J. Sci. Tech., 43(6A) (2005) 160-168.
31.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen C.T.H.G, The Aggregation Pheromone of Rhinoceros Beetles (Oryctes Rhinoceros L.), Synthesis and Application in Vietnam, Vietnam J. Sci. Tech., 46(4A) (2008) 121-129.
32.Le V.D, Le T.C.H, Chau V.T, Le T.N.D, Dang C.H, Vo T.T.N, Nguyen Tr.D, Nguyen T.D, (2021). Palladium nanoparticles in situ synthesized on Cyclea barbata pectin as a heterogeneous catalyst for Heck coupling in water, the reduction of nitrophenols and alkynes. New Journal of Chemistry, 45(10) (2021) 4746-4755. https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NJ05032F
33.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.T.H.G, Chu-Pham N.S, Synthesis of ethyl 4-methyloctanoate and 4-methyl-5-nonanol from acetaldehyde, Vietnam J. Chem., 47(4A), (2009), 81-85, ISSN: 0866-7144.
34.Dang C.H, Le V.D, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen T.D, A facile synthesis of racemic aggregation pheromone of palm pets, Rhinoceros beetle and Rhynchophorus weevil, Arkivoc 2017, part. V, 187-195. DOI: 10.24820/ark.5550190.p010.271
35.Le V.D, Nguyen T.D, Truong T.T.L, Nguyen T.H, Le T.N.T, Nguyen, Dang C.H, Study on evaporation and some experimental results of aggregation pheromone of Rhynchophorus palm weevils (Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv.) in Ben Tre province, Vietnam J. Chem., 57(4E3,4), 2019, 86-89.
36.Le V.D, Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Dang V.S, Nguyen T.D, Synthesis of diastereomeric pheromones: adjacent methyl-branched alcohols and ketones, Beilstein J. Org. Chem., 2019, ISSN 1860-5397. DOI: 10.3762/bxiv.2019.64.v1
37.Le V.D, Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen H.U, Nguyen T.D, Synthesis of β-Methyl Alcohols: Influence of Alkyl Chain Length on Diastereoselectivity and New Attractants of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, J. Agri. Food Chem., 69(21), (2021), 5882–5886. DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01875
38.Nguyen C.H, Dang C.H, Nguyen C.T.H.G, Synthesis of (S) ethyl 4-methyloctanoate, the aggregation pheromone of Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros Linn.), Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 41(2), (2003)125-127.
39.Tran V.B, Tran L.T, Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen C.T.H.G, Synthesis of 8-methyl-2-decanol propanoate and 10-methyl-2-tridecanone, Vietnam Journal of Chemistry, 49(6A), (2011) 37-42.
40.Francke W, Toth M, Szocs G, Krieg W, Ernst H, Buschmann E. Identification and synthesis of dimethylalkanes as sex attractants of female leaf miner moths (Lyonetiidae). Z. Naturforsch., 43c (1988) 787–789. DOI: 10.1515/znc-1988-9-1025
41.Doan N.N., Le N.T., Nguyen C.H., Hansen P.E, Duus F., Ultrasound assisted synthesis of 5,9-dimethylpentadecane and 5,9-dimethylhexadecane-the sex pheromones of Leucoptera coffeella. Molecules., 12 (2007) 2080–2088. DOI:10.3390/12082080.
42.Tamaki Y., Noguchi H., Sugie H., Sato R., Kariya A., Minor components of the female sexattractant pheromone of the smaller tea tortrix moth (lepidoptera: tortricidae): isolation and identification. Appl. Ent. Zool., 14 (1979) 101–113. https://doi.org/10.1303/aez.14.101
43.Nguyen CH, Mavrov MV, Serebryakov EP. Terpenes in organic synthesis. 6. Synthesis of (R)-(-)-10-methyldodecyl acetate from (S)-(+)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-diene. Rus. Chem. Bull., 37 (1988) 589–591, DOI: 10.1007/BF00965386.
44.Nguyen V.H, Truong N.T, Nguyen T.D, Nguyen C.H., Dang C.H, Some methods for synthesizing 2,3-decandione, the sex pheromone component of the coffee white stemborer (Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat), Vietnam J. Chem., 53(4e3), (2015) 60-64.
45.Nguyen T.D, Nguyen C.H, Im C., Dang C.H, A facile synthesis of sex pheromone of the Cabbage Looper Trichoplusia ni, Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 52(5), (2016) 877-879. DOI: 10.1007/s10600-016-1800-7
46.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Trinh B.T, Huynh V.T, Synthesis for components of the female sex pheromone of the rice striped stem borer (Chilo auricilius Dudgeon) relying on the Wittig reaction promoted by potassium tert-butoxide, Vietnam J. Chem., 49(6A), (2011) 68-72.
47.Nguyen C.H, Nguyen C.T.H.G, Nguyen C.K, Synthesis and testing of pheromones of silkworm (Plutella xylostella L.), Collection of scientific research workshop, Institute of Tropical Biology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 1998, 282-285.
48.Le V.D, Dao V.N, Le T.Y.N, Nguyen V.H, Vo D.C, Dang T.K.P, Nguyen-Le K.T, Tran M.T, Huynh T.T.T.T, Nguyen T.D, Dang C.H. Some stereoselective palladium-catalyzed transfer semihydrogenation of internal alkyne to (Z)-alkene for insect pheromones synthesis. Vietnam Journal of Analytical Sciences, 30(3A), (2024) 115-123.
49.Tran N.V, Le V.D, Nguyen C.H, Dang C.H, Synthesis of (Z)-9 tetradecenyl acetate, sex pheromone component of black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel), Vietnam J. Chem., 53(4e3), (2015) 56-59.
50.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen C.T.H.G, Nguyen T.D, Le T.S, Ho T.S, Study on the synthesis of mimic pheromone of the yellow peach moth (Conogethes punctiferalis Guenée), Proceedings of the 4th National Conference on Organic Chemistry Science and Technology, Hanoi - 2007, (2007) 97-102.
51.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen C.T.H.G, A New Synthesis For Female Sex Pheromone of The Yellow Peach Moth (Conogethes punctiferalis Guenee), Vietnam J. Sci. Tech., 46(4A), (2008) 114-120.
52.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Lam T.T, Synthesis of (E)-11-hexadecenal, a sex pheromone component of sugar cane moth top borer (Scirpophaga nivella Fabricius) from decan-1,10-diol, Vietnam J. Chem., 49(6A), (2011) 48-53.
53.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Synthesis sex pheromone and mimic pheromone of the citrus flower moth (Prays citri M.) from diols, Vietnam J. Sci. Tech., 48(4A), 2010, 172-177.
54.Dang C.H, Nguyen T.D, Le T.S, Nguyen M.T, Ha T.T.S, T Nguyen T.T.T, Synthesis of (E)-10-hexadecenal and (E)-11-hexadecen-1-ol by Wittig reaction under ultrasonic conditions, Vietnam J. Chem., 47(4A), (2009) 86-89.
55.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Synthesis for the female sex pheromone of the citrus flower moth (Prays citri Milliire) from 3-bromoprop-1-yl tetrahydropyran-2-yl ether and heptane-1-ol relying on Wittig reaction, Vietnam J. Chem., 49(6A), (2011) 73-76.
56.Ando T., Taguchi K., Uchiyama M., Ujiye T., Kuroko H., (7Z, 11Z)-7,11-Hexadecadienal: sex attractant of the citrus miner moth, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera, Phyllocnistidae). Agric. Biol. Chem. 49 (1985) 1633–3635.
57.Vang L.V, Islam M.D.A, Do N.D, Hai T.V, Koyano S., Okahana Y., Ohbayashi N., Yamamoto M., Ando T., 7,11,13-Hexadecatrienal identified from male moths of the citrus leafminer as a new sex pheromone component: synthesis and field evaluation in Vietnam and Japan. J. Pestic. Sci., 33 (2008) 152–158 DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.G07-40.
58.Le V.D, Tran H.K, Nguyen T.D, Ngo-Le N.L, Nguyen T.D, Nguyen T.M.T, Nguyen C.L, Dang C.H, Synthesis of sex pheromone of fall armyworm (Spodoptera ferugiperda), J. Sci. Tech. Development - Natural Sciences, Ho Chi Minh City National University, 7(3), (2023) 2721-2728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v7i3.1253
59.Buck M, Chong JM. Alkylation of 1-alkynes in THF. Tetrahedron Lett. 42(34), (2001) 5825-7; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)01131-5.
60.Tran D.K, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen T.T, Nguyen C.K, Synthesis and extraction of allyl isothiocyanate from broccoli (Brassica sp), Proceedings of the Conference on Non-Environmental Pest Control Measures, Sub-Institute of Natural Products Chemistry 2007, 36-40.
61.Nguyen-Hoang Q.V, Nguyen C.H, Dang C.H, Synthesis of (2E)-hept-2-enal by Bodroux-Chichibabin reaction, Vietnam J. Chem., 49(6A), (2011) 53-56.
62.Dang C.H, Nguyen-Hoang Q.V, Nguyen C.H, Synthesis of (Z5,E7)-dodecadien-1-ol, the main sex pheromone component of the Masson Pine Caterpillar (Dendrolimus punctatus Walker), Vietnam J. Sci. Tech., 52(1C), (2014) 138-144.
63.Le V.D, Nguyen T.D, Dang C.H, Synthesis of (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, sex pheromone component of tea Nguyen mosquito bug (Helopeltis theivora Waterhouse) that damages cashew trees, Vietnam J. Chem., 55(5E34), (2017), 294-298.
64.Le V.D, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen T.D, Nguyen T.H, Dang C.H, A facile synthesis for the sex pheromone of mosquito bug (Helopentis theivora Waterhouse), Vietnam J. Chem., 57(6E1,2), (2019) 524-528.
65.Nguyen C.H, Nguyen C.T.H.G, Nguyen C.K, Nguyen T.S, Synthesis and application of insect attractants in Vietnam. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 18 (1996) 59-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-3449(96)01168-8
66.Phan K.S, Research on sex pheromone and parasitic fungi in the control of sweet potato weevil (Cylas formicarius Fabricius) in the Mekong Delta, PhD thesis in Plant Protection - Can Tho University, 2016.
67.Le V.D, Nguyen C.H, Nguyen T.D, Ngo-Le N.L, Nguyen T.D, Nguyen T.M.T, Dang C.H, Synthesis and field experiments of the female sex pheromone of sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius, Vietnam J. Sci. Tech., 61(3), (2023) 344-354. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/16583
68.Nguyen H.S, Synthesis of Coniferyl alcohol, Master's thesis, Can Tho University 2005.
69.Nguyen C.H, Research on synthesis and application of insect hormones in Agriculture, Agricultural Publishing House - HCMC 2009, 73-77/316p.
70.Gill HK, McSorley R, Buss L. 2010. The insect community on the soil surface (http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in876) date of access: 15/4/2016.
71.Reddy G.V.P., Gadi N., Taianao A.J., Efficient Sex Pheromone Trapping: Catching The Sweet Potato Weevil, Cylas formicarius, J. Chem. Ecol. 38 (2012) 846-853. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10886-012-0160-4.
72.Vang V.L., Kinjo M., Komai F., Ando T., Sex pheromones of five Olethreutine species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) associated with the seedlings and fruits of mangrove plants in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan: Identification and field evaluation, J. Chem. Ecol. 31 (4) (2005) 859-878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-005-3549-5.
73.Son K.P., Khanh Q.C.N., Vang V.L, Synthesis and field attractiveness evaluation of the sex pheromones of sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius Fab., J. Sci. – Cantho Univ. 21(b) (2012) 116-123.
74.Hai T.V, Vang L.V, Son P.K, Inomata S.I, Ando T., Sex attractants for moths of Vietnam: Field attraction by synthetic lures baited with known Lepidopteran pheromone. J. Chem. Ecol. 28 (2002) 1473–1481. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016208921583
75.Dang C.H, Nguyen C.H, Im C., Nguyen T.D, Integrated Pest Management (IPM): Environmentally Sound Pest Management Chapter 5. Synthesis and application of pheromones for integrated pest management in Vietnam, INTECH publisher 2016, 202p. DOI: 10.5772/63768
76.Le V.D, Synthesis of some alcohol-type insect pheromones with adjacent methyl branches and (Z)-alkenol, PhD Thesis in Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology - Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 2023, 145p.
77.Adhikari K., Bhandari S., Dhakal L., Shrestha J., Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda): A threat in crop production in Africa and Asia, Peruvian Journal of Agronomy 4(3), (2020), 121–133. https://doi.org/10.21704/pja.v4i3.1495.

Copyright © 2025 Chi Hien Dang, Van-Dung Le, Thanh-Danh Nguyen, Van-Nam Dao, Minh-Trong Tran, Thi Yen-Nghi Le, Kim-Thuy Nguyen-Le, Anh-Tuan Nguyen, Nhat-Minh Phan, Dinh-Tri Mai Creative Commons License Publishing time:2025-04-18
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License