废弃矿山废水的形成机理及对周边环境的危害
王德华 （ 江西省抚州市金溪生态环境局 ）
https://doi.org/10.37155/2811-0595-0410-33Abstract
本文深入探讨了废弃矿山产生的酸性废水（Acid Mine Drainage, AMD）的生成机制及其对水体、土壤及 生态系统造成的复合性环境危害。研究表明，AMD产生的核心在于硫化物矿物（以黄铁矿为主）在特定微生物（如 氧化亚铁硫杆菌等）催化下发生的氧化反应，该过程受控于矿区地质背景、水文特征及微生物群落结构。AMD具有 强酸性（pH常低至2.0-4.0）、高硫酸盐及重金属离子（如Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Al等）含量特征。通过地下渗透、地表 径流等途径迁移，AMD导致地表/地下水体酸化、土壤理化性质劣化、生物多样性锐减及生态系统食物链污染。
Keywords
矿山酸性废水；硫化物氧化；微生物催化；重金属污染；环境风险；生态修复Full Text
PDFReferences
[1] Shabalala A N, Ekolu S O, Diop S, et al. Pervious
concrete reactive barrier for removal of heavy metals from
acid mine drainage - column study[J]. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, 2017,323:641-653.
[2] Simate G S, Ndlovu S. Acid mine drainage:
Challenges and opportunities[J]. Journal of Environmental
Chemical Engineering, 2014,2(3):1785-1803.
[3] Kalin M, Fyson A, Wheeler W N. The chemistry
of conventional and alternative treatment systems for the
neutralization of acid mine drainage[J]. Science of the Total
Environment, 2006,366(2/3):395-408.
[4] Naidu G, Ryu S, Thiruvenkatachari R, et al. A
critical review on remediation, reuse, and resource recovery
from acid mine drainage[J]. Environmental Pollution,
2019,247(APR.):1110-1124.
[5]陈莹,陈炳辉,邹琦,等.粤北大宝山AMD水-表层
沉积物的重金属分布特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学学
报,2018,38(1):9.
[6]党志,姚谦,李晓飞,等.矿区土壤中重金属形态分布
的地球化学机制[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2020,39(1):12.
[7]张鑫.安徽铜陵矿区重金属元素释放迁移地球化学
特征及其环境效应研究[D].合肥工业大学.
concrete reactive barrier for removal of heavy metals from
acid mine drainage - column study[J]. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, 2017,323:641-653.
[2] Simate G S, Ndlovu S. Acid mine drainage:
Challenges and opportunities[J]. Journal of Environmental
Chemical Engineering, 2014,2(3):1785-1803.
[3] Kalin M, Fyson A, Wheeler W N. The chemistry
of conventional and alternative treatment systems for the
neutralization of acid mine drainage[J]. Science of the Total
Environment, 2006,366(2/3):395-408.
[4] Naidu G, Ryu S, Thiruvenkatachari R, et al. A
critical review on remediation, reuse, and resource recovery
from acid mine drainage[J]. Environmental Pollution,
2019,247(APR.):1110-1124.
[5]陈莹,陈炳辉,邹琦,等.粤北大宝山AMD水-表层
沉积物的重金属分布特征及其影响因素[J].环境科学学
报,2018,38(1):9.
[6]党志,姚谦,李晓飞,等.矿区土壤中重金属形态分布
的地球化学机制[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2020,39(1):12.
[7]张鑫.安徽铜陵矿区重金属元素释放迁移地球化学
特征及其环境效应研究[D].合肥工业大学.
Copyright © 2025 王德华
Publishing time:2025-10-31
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Email
Location