Verification of seismic enforced-displacement pushover procedure on torsionally flexible, asymmetric, multi-storey r/c buildings
Triantafyllos Makarios （ School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. ）
Athanasios Bakalis （ School of Civil Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. ）
https://doi.org/10.37155/2811-0730-0201-2Abstract
A recently proposed direct Displacement-based procedure of nonlinear static (pushover) analysis on multi-storey reinforced concrete (r/c) buildings is verified here against the results of Nonlinear Response History Analysis. An asymmetric, regular in elevation, torsionally flexible, multi-storey r/c building designed according to Eurocode EN 1998 is investigated. Taking fully into account the inelastic torsion and the higher mode effects, as well as the P-Delta effects, the proposed procedure applies a pattern of seismic floor enforced-displacements along on the “Capable Near Collapse Principal Axes of the building”, aiming at Near Collapse state. The envelope of the results of sixteen final non-linear static analyses on the investigated building shows that the main aspects of the spatial seismic action effects can be safely captured by the proposed procedure, especially regarding the inelastic interstorey drift ratios, as well as the plastic mechanism of the building.
Keywords
Seismic Enforced-Displacements; Interstorey Drift ratios; Nonlinear Static Analysis; Pushover Analysis; Response History Analysis; Capable Near Collapse Centre of Stiffness; Torsionally Flexible BuildingFull Text
PDFReferences
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8.Bakalis A and Makarios Τ. (2021). Seismic Enforced-Displacement pushover procedure on multistorey R/C buildings. Engineering Structures, 229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111631
9.Makarios T and Bakalis A. (2018). Pushover analysis using suitable dynamic eccentricities on asymmetric single-storey buildings. In Proceedings of the 16th European Conference of Earthquake Engineering, Thessaloniki, Greece, 18–21 June 2018. http://www.16ecee.org/proceedings
10.Makarios T and Bakalis A. (2020). Seismic enforced displacement-based pushover analysis on irregular in-plan R/C multistorey buildings, In Proceedings of Ninth European Workshop on the Seismic Behaviour of Irregular and Complex Structures, p. 12, December 15-16, Lisbon, Portugal. https://ceris.pt/event/9th-european-workshop-on-the-seismic-behaviour-of-irregular-and-complex-structures/
11.Makarios TK and Bakalis AP. (2022). Seismic Enforced Displacement-Based Pushover Analysis on Irregular In-Plan R/C Multi-storey Buildings. In: Bento, R., De Stefano, M., Köber, D., Zembaty, Z. (eds) Seismic Behaviour and Design of Irregular and Complex Civil Structures IV. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, vol 50. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83221-6_3
12.Bakalis A, Makarios T and Athanatopoulou A. (2021). Inelastic dynamic eccentricities in pushover analysis procedure of multi-story RC buildings. Buildings, 11(5), 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings11050195
13.Chopra AK and Goel RK. (2004). A modal pushover analysis procedure to estimate seismic demands for unsymmetric-plan buildings. Earthquake Engng Struct Dyn; 33(8):903–27, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.380
14.Reyes JC and Chopra AK. (2011). Three-dimensional modal pushover analysis of buildings subjected to two components of ground motion, including its evaluation for tall buildings. Earthquake Engin. Struct. Dyn., 40: 789–806, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1060
15.Hernandez-Montes E, Kwon OS and Aschheim MA. (2004). An energy-based formulation for first and multiple-mode nonlinear static (pushover) analyses. J Earthquake Eng, 8(01): 69–88, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460409350481
16.Lin JL and Tsai KC. (2008). Seismic analysis of two-way asymmetric building systems under bi-directional seismic ground motions. Earthquake Engng. Struct. Dyn., 37: 305-328, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.759
17.Manoukas G, Athanatopoulou A and Avramidis I. (2012). Multimode pushover analysis for asymmetric buildings under biaxial seismic excitation based on a new concept of the equivalent single degree of freedom system. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 38: 88-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.01.018
18.Fujii K. (2014). Prediction of the largest peak nonlinear seismic response of asymmetric buildings under bi-directional excitation using pushover analyses. Bull Earthquake Eng, 12: 909–938, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-013-9557-x
19.Soleimani S, Aziminejad A and Moghadam AS. (2017). Extending the concept of energy-based pushover analysis to assess seismic demands of asymmetric-plan buildings. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 93: 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.11.014
20.Fajfar P, Marusic D and Perus I (2005). Torsional effects in the pushover-based seismic analysis of buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 9 (6): 831–54, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460509350568
21.Kreslin M and Fajfar P (2012). The extended N2 method considering higher mode effects in both plan and elevation. Bull Earthquake Eng, 10: 695-715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-011-9319-6
22.Bhatt C and Bento R (2011). Extension of the CSM-FEMA440 to plan-asymmetric real building structures. Earthquake Eng Struct Dyn, 40(11): 1263–82, https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.1087
23.Rofooei FR and Mirjalili MR (2018). Dynamic-based pushover analysis for one-way plan-asymmetric buildings. Engineering Structures, 163:332-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.02.052
24.Bosco M, Ghersi A and Marino EM (2012). Corrective eccentricities for assessment by the nonlinear static method of 3D structures subjected to bidirectional ground motions. Earthq Eng Struct Dyn, 41:1751–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2155
25.Bosco M, Ghersi A, Marino EM and Rossi PP (2017). Generalized corrective eccentricities for nonlinear static analysis of buildings with framed or braced structure. Bull Earthq Eng, 15: 4887–4913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0159-x
26.Antoniou S and Pinho R (2004a). Advantages and limitations of adaptive and non-adaptive force-based pushover procedures. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 8(4): 497–522, https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363246904001511
27.Antoniou S and Pinho R. (2004b). Development and verification of a displacement-based adaptive pushover procedure. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 8(5): 643–661, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460409350504
28.Kalkan E and Kunnath SK. (2006). Adaptive modal combination procedure for nonlinear static analysis of building structures. ASCE, J Struct Eng, 132(11): 1721–1731, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2006)132:11(1721)
29.Bhatt C and Bento R. (2014). The Extended Adaptive Capacity Spectrum Method for the seismic assessment of plan-asymmetric buildings. Earthquake Spectra, 30(2): 683-703, https://doi.org/10.1193%2F022112EQS048M
30.Amini MA and Poursha M. (2018). Adaptive force-based multimode pushover analysis for seismic evaluation of midrise buildings. Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 144, Issue 8. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002070
31.Poursha M, Khoshnoudian F and Moghadam AS. (2014). The extended consecutive modal pushover procedure for estimating the seismic demands of two-way unsymmetric-plan tall buildings under influence of two horizontal components of ground motions. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 63: 162-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2014.02.001
32.Goel RK (2004). Evaluation of nonlinear static procedures using building strong motion records, In Proceedings of the 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Paper No. 3213, 2004, 2004, August 1-6, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
33.Goel RK and Chopra AK. (2004). Evaluation of modal and FEMA pushover analyses: SAC buildings. Earthquake spectra, 20(1): 225–54. https://doi.org/10.1193%2F1.1646390
34.Erduran E. (2008). Assessment of current nonlinear static procedures on the estimation of torsional effects in low-rise frame buildings. Eng. Struct., 30(9): 2548-2558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2008.02.008
35.Baros DK and Anagnostopoulos SA (2008). An overview of pushover procedures for the analysis of buildings susceptible to torsional behavior, In proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, 2008, October 12-17, Beijing, China, http://www.iitk.ac.in/nicee/wcee/article/14_05-01-0195.PDF
36.Bento R, Bhatt C and Pinho R. (2010). Using nonlinear static procedures for seismic assessment of the 3D irregular SPEAR building. Earthq. Struct., 1(2): 177-195, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2010.1.2.177
37.Bhatt C and Bento R (2012). Comparison of nonlinear static methods for the seismic assessment of plan irregular frame buildings with non seismic details. J. Earthq. Eng., 16(1): 15-39, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2011.586085
38.De Stefano M and Mariani V. (2014). Pushover analysis for plan irregular building structures, In: Ansal A. (eds) Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology. Geotechnical, Geological and Earthquake Engineering, vol 34. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07118-3_13
39.Anagnostopoulos SA, Kyrkos MT and Stathopoulos KG. (2015). Earthquake induced torsion in buildings: critical review and state of the art. Earthquakes and Structures, 8(2): 305–377. https://doi.org/10.12989/EAS.2015.8.2.305
40.Bakalis A. (2021). “Seismic non-linear static analysis of asymmetric reinforced concrete buildings at capable near collapse state using imposed floor displacements or inelastic dynamic eccentricities”. PhD dissertation (in greek). School of Civil Engineering of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. Greece, https://freader.ekt.gr/eadd/index.php?doc=49775&lang=el
41.EN 1998-3. Eurocode 8, (2005). Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance—Part 3: Assessment and Retrofitting of Buildings; European Committee for Standardization: Brussels, Belgium.
42.Makarios T and Anastassiadis K. (1998a). Real and fictitious elastic axis of multi-storey buildings: theory. Struct Des Tall Build 1998;7(1):33–55, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1794(199803)7:1%3C33::AID-TAL95%3E3.0.CO;2-D
43.Makarios T and Anastassiadis K. (1998b). Real and fictitious elastic axis of multi-storey buildings: applications. Struct Des Tall Build;(1):57–71, https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1794(199803)7:1%3C57::AID-TAL96%3E3.0.CO;2-0
44.Makarios T. (2005). Optimum torsion axis to multistory buildings by using the continuous model of the structure. J Struct Des Tall Spec Build;14(1):69–90, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.262
45.Makarios T. (2008). Practical calculation of the torsional stiffness radius of multistorey tall buildings. J Struct Des Tall Spec Build 2008;17(1):39–65, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.316
46.Makarios T, Athanatopoulou AM and Xenidis H. (2006). Numerical verification of properties of the fictitious elastic axis in asymmetric multistorey buildings. J Struc Des Tall Spec Build;15(3):249–76, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.294
47.Athanatopoulou A and Doudoumis I. (2008). Principal directions under lateral loading in multistory asymmetric buildings. Struct Des Tall Spec Build;17(4):773–94, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tal.385
48.Marino E and Rossi P. (2008). Exact evaluation of the location of the optimum torsion axis. Struct Des Tall Spec Build 2004;14(4):277–90, https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.252
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