Breast Cancer and Family Support Scale: Validation of the Greek Version
D Charos
Abstract
The family support scale (FS-12) was designed to assess family support patients with chronic diseases. The aim of this particular study was to validate the psychometric properties of the FS- 12 scale in the Greek language. The study involved 130 patients diagnosed with breast cancer. The FS-12 scale was translated and culturally weighted to be used in the Greek language. Analyzes performed were to check reliability, validity and convergent validity. The weighted FS-12 scale had a good Cronbach α index (α = 0.77) and strong split-half reliability index (Spearman-Brown= 0.729, Guttman Split Haft= 0.728). Factor analysis was performed using principal component factor analysis. Based on the results of the study, the FS12-GR scale is a valuable tool to assess the family support of the breast cancer patient.
Keywords
FS-12, family support, breast cancerFull Text
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References
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2. Andriopoulou, M., D. Charos, and E. Stergiadi. 2018. The impact of cancer on patients and their caregivers, and the importance of empowerment.Archives of Hellenic Medicine35:601–611.
3. Ardahan, M., andO.U Yesilbalkan. 2010. Perceived family support of women with breast cancer and affecting factors in Turkey. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 11:1425-1429.
4. Chang, E.C., O.D.Chang, T. Martos, V. Sallay, J. Lee, K.R. Stam, C.N.H. Batterbee, and T. Yu. 2017. Family Support as a Moderator of the relationship between loneliness and suicide risk in College students: Having a supportive family matters.The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families 25:257-263.
5. Charos, D., Andriopoulou, A., Lykeridou, K., Deltsidou, A., Kolokotroni, P., Vivilaki. 2023. Breast cancer and Family support: validation of the Greek version.World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 18(02): 1263–1279
6. Charos, D., Andriopoulou, M., Vivilaki, V. 2023. The Role of Psychosocial Support and Digital Psychosocial Intervention in Empowering Breast Cancer Patients. EC Psychology and Psychiatry 12.5: 26-34.
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8. Costello, A.B., and J.W. Osborne. 2005. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Assessment, Research and Evaluation10: 1-9.
9. Declaration of Helsinki. 2013. Available at: https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki.
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18. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer.
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27. Liu, Y., Y. Li, L. Chen, Y. Li, W. Qi, L. Yu. 2018. Relationships between family resilience and posttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors and caregiver burden. Psycho-Oncology 27, 1284–1290.
28. McCubbin, H., D. Olson, and A. Larsen, A. 1981. Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales.InMcCubbin H.I. Thompson. A. I. and M.A. McCubbin.1996. Family assessment: Resiliency, coping and adaptation: Inventories for research and practice. Madison. WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison. 455-508.
29. Meier, F., S.C. Notari, G. Bodenmann, T.A. Revenson, N. Favez. 2019. We are in this together — Aren't we? Congruence of common dyadic coping and psychological distress of couples facing breast cancer.Psychooncology28(12):2374–2381. DOI: 10.1002/pon.5238.
30. Merluzzi, T.V., S. Serpentini, E.J. Philip, M. Yang, N. Salamanca-Balen, C.A. Heitzmann Ruhf, and A. Catarinella. 2019. Social relationship coping efficacy: A new construct in understanding social support and close personal relationships in persons with cancer. Psycho-Oncology28(1): 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4913.
31. National cancer plan. 2008-2012. Available at: http://www.nsph.gr/files/004_Epidimiologias_Viostatistikis/ Simou/Research-plans/karkinos.pdf.
32. Nimekari, M.M., N.G.N. Naz, Y.A. Taziani, M. Nasiri, M.R. Evazi, A. Shafizad, G. Ozgoli. 2019. Correlation between supportive care needs of women with breast cancer and quality of life of their family caregivers. International Journal of Community Based Nursing Midwifery, 7, 300-308.
33. Nissen, K.G., K.Trevino,T. Lange, and H.G.Prigerson. 2016. Family relationships and psychosocial dysfunction among family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management52 (6): 841-849.e1.
34. Noveiri, M.J.S., F. Shamsaei, M. Khodaveisi, Z. Vanaki, Z., and L. Tapak. 2020. Coping assessment tools in the family caregivers of patients with breast cancer: A systematic review. Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy 12: 11–26. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S240928.
35. Okkonen, E., and H. Vanhanen. 2006. Family support, living alone, and subjective health of a patient in connection with a coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care 35(4): 234-244. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2005.11.002 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2005.11.002.
36. Runowicz, C.D., C.R. Leach, N.L. Henry, K.S. Henry, H.T. Mackey,R.L. Cowens-Alvarado, R.S. Cannady, M.L. Pratt-Chapman, S.B. Edge, L.A. Jacobs, A.et al. 2016. American cancer society/American society of clinical oncology breast cancer survivorship care guideline. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians66(1): 43–73. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21319.
37. Segrin, C., T.A. Badger, and A. Sikorskii. 2019. A dyadic analysis of loneliness and health-related quality of life in Latinas with breast cancer and their informal caregivers. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology37(2): 213–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2018.1520778.
38. Segrin, C., T.A. Badger, A. Sikorskii, T.E. Crane, and T.W.W Pace. 2018. A dyadic analysis of stress processes in Latinas with breast cancer and their family caregivers. Psycho-Oncology27(3): 838–846. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4580.
39. Segrin, C., T. Badger,and A. Sikorskii. 2019b. Psychological distress and social support availability in different family caregivers of Latinas with breast cancer.Journal of Transcultural Nursing, https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659619896824.
40. Stefanou, K., E. Zografos, G.C. Zografos, G. Vaslamatzis, C.G. Zografos, and G. Kolaitis. 2020. Emotional and behavioural problems in children dealing with maternal breast cancer: a literature review. British journal of guidance and counselling48(3): 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1487530.
41. Sung, H., J. Ferlay, R.L. Siegel, M. Laversanne, L. Soerjomataram, A. Jemal, F. Bray. 2021. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians71(3): 209-249.
42. Tselebis, A., T. Anagnostopoulou, D. Bratis, A. Moulou, A. Maria, C. Sikaras, I. Ilias, I.A. Karkanias, G. Moussas, and N. Tzanakis. 2011. The 13 item Family Support Scale: Reliability and validity of the Greek translation in a sample of Greek health care professionals. Asia Pacific Family Medicine10:3.DOI: 10.1186/1447-056X-10-3.
43. Wolff, J.L., J. Aufill, D. Echavarria, J.A.A. Heughan, K.T. Lee, RM. Connolly, J.H. Fetting, D. Jelovac, K. Papathakis, C. Riley, et al.2019. Sharing in care: engaging care partners in the care and communication of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment177(1), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-019-05306-9.
44. Xu, J., X. Wang, M. Chen, Y. Shi, Y. Hu. 2021. Family interaction among young Chinese breast cancer survivors. BMC Family Practice 22: 122. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01476-y.
45. Yeung, N.C.Y., Q. Lu, and W.W.S Mak. 2019. Self-perceived burden mediates the relationship between self-stigma and quality of life among Chinese American breast cancer survivors. Supportive Care in Cancer 27(9): 3337–3345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4630-2.
1. Altun, H., N. Kurtul, A.Arici,and E.M. Yazar. 2019. Evaluation of emotional and behavioral problems in school-age children of patients with breast cancer. Turkish Journal of Oncology34: 12–20. doi: 10.5505/tjo.2018.1824.
2. Andriopoulou, M., D. Charos, and E. Stergiadi. 2018. The impact of cancer on patients and their caregivers, and the importance of empowerment.Archives of Hellenic Medicine35:601–611.
3. Ardahan, M., andO.U Yesilbalkan. 2010. Perceived family support of women with breast cancer and affecting factors in Turkey. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 11:1425-1429.
4. Chang, E.C., O.D.Chang, T. Martos, V. Sallay, J. Lee, K.R. Stam, C.N.H. Batterbee, and T. Yu. 2017. Family Support as a Moderator of the relationship between loneliness and suicide risk in College students: Having a supportive family matters.The Family Journal: Counseling and Therapy for Couples and Families 25:257-263.
5. Charos, D., Andriopoulou, A., Lykeridou, K., Deltsidou, A., Kolokotroni, P., Vivilaki. 2023. Breast cancer and Family support: validation of the Greek version.World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 18(02): 1263–1279
6. Charos, D., Andriopoulou, M., Vivilaki, V. 2023. The Role of Psychosocial Support and Digital Psychosocial Intervention in Empowering Breast Cancer Patients. EC Psychology and Psychiatry 12.5: 26-34.
7. Charos, D., T.V. Merluzzi, P. Kolokotroni, K. Lykeridou, A.Deltsidou, and V. Vivilaki. 2021. Breast cancer and social relationship coping efficacy: validation of the Greek version.Women & Health 61: 947-956. DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2021.1994101.
8. Costello, A.B., and J.W. Osborne. 2005. Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Assessment, Research and Evaluation10: 1-9.
9. Declaration of Helsinki. 2013. Available at: https://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki.
10. Effendy, C., K. Vissers, S. Tejawinata, M. Vernooij-Dassen, and Y. Engels. 2015. Dealing with symptoms and issues of hospitalized patients with cancer in Indonesia: The role of families, Nurses, and Physicians. Pain Practice 15: 441-446. DOI: 10.1111/papr.12203.
11. Faccio, F., S. Gandini, C. Renzi, C.Fioretti, C. Crico and G Pravettoni. 2019. Development and validation of the Family Resilience (FaRE) Questionnaire: an observational study in Italy. BMJ Open9, doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024670.
12. General Data Protection Regulation. 2019. Available at:https://www.dpa.gr/en.
13. Gorsuch, R.L. 1983.Factor analysis (2nd ed.). (1983). Hillsdale. 2nd ed. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
14. Gouva, M., E. Dragioti, Z. Konstanti, E. Kotrotsiou, and V. Koulouras. 2016. Translation and validation of a Greek version of the family crisis oriented personal evaluation scales (F-COPES). Interscientific Health Care 2: 64-72. ID: 147807134.
15. Greenglass, E.R. 1993. Structural and social-psychological factors associated with job functioning by women managers. Psychological Reports73: 979-986. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1993.73.3.979.
16. Gustavsson-Lilius, M., J. Julkunen, and P. Hietanen. 2007. Quality of life in cancer patients: The role of optimism, hopelessness and partner support. Quality of Life Research 16:75-87.
17. https://www.eortc.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2018/02/translation_manual_2017.pdf.
18. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer.
19. Julkunen, J., and E.R. Greenglass 1989. Family support measure. Unpublished manuscript, 1989.
20. Julkunen, J.,M. Gustavsson-Lilius, and P. Hietanen. 2009. Anger expression, partner support, and quality of life in cancer patients.Journal ofpsychosomaticresearch66:235-244.
21. Kline, P. 1979. Psychometrics and psychology. London: Academic Press.
22. Kulis, D., A. Bottomley, G. Velikova, E. Greimel, and M. Koller. 2017. EORTC. Quality of life group translation procedure. 4rd ed. Brussels, Belgium: EORTC quality of life. Group. https://www.eortc.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2018/02/translation_manual_2017.pdf.
23. Li, K.W.S., Y. Qiao, X. Luan, Y. Li, and K. Wang. 2019. Family resilience and psychological wellbeing among Chinese breast cancer survivors and their caregivers. European Journal of Cancer Care 28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12984.
24. Li, Y., K.Wang, Y. Yin, Y.Li, andLi. 2018. Relationships between family resilience, breast cancer survivors’ individual resilience, and caregiver burden: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies88: 79-84. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2018.08.011.
25. Lima, S.M., R.D. Kehma, and M.B. Terry. 2021. Global breast cancer incidence and mortality trends by region, age groups, and fertility patterns. E Clinical Medicine 38.DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100985.
26. Liu, B., X. Wu, L. Shi, H. Li, D. Wu, X. Lai, Y. Li, Y. Yang, D. Li, D. 2021. Correlations of social isolation and anxiety and depression symptoms among patients with breast cancer of Heilongjiang province in China: The mediating role of social support. Nursing Open 8:1981–1989.
27. Liu, Y., Y. Li, L. Chen, Y. Li, W. Qi, L. Yu. 2018. Relationships between family resilience and posttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors and caregiver burden. Psycho-Oncology 27, 1284–1290.
28. McCubbin, H., D. Olson, and A. Larsen, A. 1981. Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales.InMcCubbin H.I. Thompson. A. I. and M.A. McCubbin.1996. Family assessment: Resiliency, coping and adaptation: Inventories for research and practice. Madison. WI: University of Wisconsin-Madison. 455-508.
29. Meier, F., S.C. Notari, G. Bodenmann, T.A. Revenson, N. Favez. 2019. We are in this together — Aren't we? Congruence of common dyadic coping and psychological distress of couples facing breast cancer.Psychooncology28(12):2374–2381. DOI: 10.1002/pon.5238.
30. Merluzzi, T.V., S. Serpentini, E.J. Philip, M. Yang, N. Salamanca-Balen, C.A. Heitzmann Ruhf, and A. Catarinella. 2019. Social relationship coping efficacy: A new construct in understanding social support and close personal relationships in persons with cancer. Psycho-Oncology28(1): 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4913.
31. National cancer plan. 2008-2012. Available at: http://www.nsph.gr/files/004_Epidimiologias_Viostatistikis/ Simou/Research-plans/karkinos.pdf.
32. Nimekari, M.M., N.G.N. Naz, Y.A. Taziani, M. Nasiri, M.R. Evazi, A. Shafizad, G. Ozgoli. 2019. Correlation between supportive care needs of women with breast cancer and quality of life of their family caregivers. International Journal of Community Based Nursing Midwifery, 7, 300-308.
33. Nissen, K.G., K.Trevino,T. Lange, and H.G.Prigerson. 2016. Family relationships and psychosocial dysfunction among family caregivers of patients with advanced cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management52 (6): 841-849.e1.
34. Noveiri, M.J.S., F. Shamsaei, M. Khodaveisi, Z. Vanaki, Z., and L. Tapak. 2020. Coping assessment tools in the family caregivers of patients with breast cancer: A systematic review. Breast Cancer: Targets and Therapy 12: 11–26. doi: 10.2147/BCTT.S240928.
35. Okkonen, E., and H. Vanhanen. 2006. Family support, living alone, and subjective health of a patient in connection with a coronary artery bypass surgery. Heart & Lung: The Journal of Acute and Critical Care 35(4): 234-244. doi:10.1016/j.hrtlng.2005.11.002 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2005.11.002.
36. Runowicz, C.D., C.R. Leach, N.L. Henry, K.S. Henry, H.T. Mackey,R.L. Cowens-Alvarado, R.S. Cannady, M.L. Pratt-Chapman, S.B. Edge, L.A. Jacobs, A.et al. 2016. American cancer society/American society of clinical oncology breast cancer survivorship care guideline. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians66(1): 43–73. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21319.
37. Segrin, C., T.A. Badger, and A. Sikorskii. 2019. A dyadic analysis of loneliness and health-related quality of life in Latinas with breast cancer and their informal caregivers. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology37(2): 213–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2018.1520778.
38. Segrin, C., T.A. Badger, A. Sikorskii, T.E. Crane, and T.W.W Pace. 2018. A dyadic analysis of stress processes in Latinas with breast cancer and their family caregivers. Psycho-Oncology27(3): 838–846. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4580.
39. Segrin, C., T. Badger,and A. Sikorskii. 2019b. Psychological distress and social support availability in different family caregivers of Latinas with breast cancer.Journal of Transcultural Nursing, https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659619896824.
40. Stefanou, K., E. Zografos, G.C. Zografos, G. Vaslamatzis, C.G. Zografos, and G. Kolaitis. 2020. Emotional and behavioural problems in children dealing with maternal breast cancer: a literature review. British journal of guidance and counselling48(3): 394–405. https://doi.org/10.1080/03069885.2018.1487530.
41. Sung, H., J. Ferlay, R.L. Siegel, M. Laversanne, L. Soerjomataram, A. Jemal, F. Bray. 2021. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians71(3): 209-249.
42. Tselebis, A., T. Anagnostopoulou, D. Bratis, A. Moulou, A. Maria, C. Sikaras, I. Ilias, I.A. Karkanias, G. Moussas, and N. Tzanakis. 2011. The 13 item Family Support Scale: Reliability and validity of the Greek translation in a sample of Greek health care professionals. Asia Pacific Family Medicine10:3.DOI: 10.1186/1447-056X-10-3.
43. Wolff, J.L., J. Aufill, D. Echavarria, J.A.A. Heughan, K.T. Lee, RM. Connolly, J.H. Fetting, D. Jelovac, K. Papathakis, C. Riley, et al.2019. Sharing in care: engaging care partners in the care and communication of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment177(1), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-019-05306-9.
44. Xu, J., X. Wang, M. Chen, Y. Shi, Y. Hu. 2021. Family interaction among young Chinese breast cancer survivors. BMC Family Practice 22: 122. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12875-021-01476-y.
45. Yeung, N.C.Y., Q. Lu, and W.W.S Mak. 2019. Self-perceived burden mediates the relationship between self-stigma and quality of life among Chinese American breast cancer survivors. Supportive Care in Cancer 27(9): 3337–3345. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4630-2.
Copyright © 2024 Dimitrios Charos, Maria Andriopoulou, Katerina Lykeridou, Anna Deltsidou, Giannoula Kyrkou, Victoria Vivilaki
Publishing time:2024-09-06
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
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