大量饮水后无痛胃肠镜检查前最佳禁饮时间的探索
王丹妮 （ 浙江大学 ）
蔡建庭* （ 浙江大学；浙江大学医学院附属第二医院 ）
https://doi.org/10.37155/2717-5669-0701-37Abstract
目前无痛胃肠镜检查前常规采用禁食8-12小时，禁饮4-8小时的方案，以避免吸入性肺炎等严重并发症的 产生，但过长的禁食禁饮时间可能会导致患者饥渴、低血糖、低血压等不适，最新国内外临床研究和指南指出，针对 择期手术，可将禁饮时间缩短为2小时，但针对需大量饮水的胃肠镜检查的禁饮时间则没有明确规定，本文通过综述 的形式，对这一问题做出解答。
Keywords
大量饮水；胃肠镜检查；禁饮时间Full Text
PDFReferences
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刊,2020,22(02):100-103.
[J].中华护理杂志,2014,49(01):76.
[2]Thilen SR, Weigel WA, Todd MM, et al. 2023
American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines
for Monitoring and Antagonism of Neuromuscular Blockade:
A Report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists
Task Force on Neuromuscular Blockade. Anesthesiology.
2023;138(1):13-41.
[3]Gustafsson UO, Rockall TA, Wexner S, et al.
Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal
surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society
recommendations 2025. Surgery. 2025;184:109397.
[4]中华医学会外科学分会.中国加速康复外科临床实
践指南(2021)[J].协和医学杂志,2021,12(05):626.
[5]中华医学会消化内镜学分会.结肠镜检查肠道准备专
家共识意见（2023版）.中国消化内镜杂志.2023,40(06):423-
426.
[6]Freddie Bray, Mathieu Laversanne, Hyuna Sung,
Jacques Ferlay, Rebecca L. Siegel, Isabelle Soerjomatara,
Ahmedin Jemal. Global cancer statistics 2022: GLOBOCAN
estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers
in 185 countries[J]. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians,
2024:1-35, advance online publication.
[7]中华医学会胃癌临床诊疗指南（2021版）[J].中华
医学杂志,2022,102(6):1169-1189.
[8]国家卫生健康委员会中国结直肠癌诊疗规范
（2023版）[J].中国实用外科杂志,2023,43(6):602-630.
[9]樊代明, 胡以则, 陈规划.现代消化病诊疗学[M].人
民军医出版社：北京,2007:277-283.
[10]Leslie K, Sgroi J. Sedation for gastrointestinal
endoscopy in Australia: what is the same and what isdifferent? Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2018;31(4):481-485.
[11]Hinkelbein J, Lamperti M, Akeson J, et al.
European Society of Anaesthesiology and European Board
of Anaesthesiology guidelines for procedural sedation and
analgesia in adults. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2018;35(1):6-24.
[12]ASGE Standards of Practice Committee. Early DS,
Lightdale JR, Vargo JJ, 2nd, et al. Guidelines for sedation
and anesthesia in GI endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc.
2018;87(2):327-337.
[13]陈肖.丙泊酚芬太尼复合麻醉对无痛胃肠镜患者术
后认知功能的影响[D].浙江大学,2020.
[14]王庭槐. 生理学[M]. 9版. 北京：人民卫生出版
社，2018:191.
[15]Farrell MB. Gastric Emptying Study: Liquids. J Nucl
Med Technol. 2024;52(1):46-47.
[16]马占英,金奕,冯涛.经鼻蝶入路垂体瘤切除术
后患者不同禁水时间的护理效果比较[J].护士进修杂
志,2019,34(6):538-540.
[17]Mendelson CL. The aspiration of stomach contents
into the lungs during obstetric anesthesia. Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 1946;52:191-205.
[18]Engelhardt T, Webster NR. Pulmonary aspiration of
gastric contents in anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth. 1999;83(3):454-
455.
[19]Warner MA, Warner ME, Weber JG. Clinical
significance of pulmonary aspiration during the perioperative
period. Anesthesiology. 1993;78(1):56-62.
[20]Sun J, Wei G, Hu L, Liu C, Ding Z. Perioperative
pulmonary aspiration and regurgitation without aspiration
in adults: a retrospective observational study of 166,491
anesthesia records. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(4):4037-4046.
[21]成人反流误吸高危人群全身麻醉管理专家共识
（2025版）中华麻醉学杂志，2025,45(06):673.
[22]Zhou X, Tao J, Yao Y, Luo G, Rui M, Yan M.
Current Practice of Perioperative Gastric Regurgitation
and Pulmonary Aspiration Management in China: A CrossSectional Survey. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2025;18:2851-
2863.
[23]Shime N，Ono A，Chihara E，et al.Shime N，Ono
A，Chihara E，Tanaka Y.Current practice of preoperative
fasting：a nationwide survey in Japanese anesthesia-teaching
hospitals[J]. Journal of Anesthesia,2005,19(3)：187-192.
[24]梁淑玲. 择期接台手术患者术前禁食禁水现状调
查[J].当代护士,2011(10):73-74.
[25]Van Den Berghe G，Wouters P，Weekers F，et al.
Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients[J]. N Engl J
Med，2001，345（19）:1359-1367.
[26] Itou K, Fukuyama T, Sasabuchi Y, et al. Safety
and ef cacy of oral rehydration therapy until 2 h before
surgery: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.J Anesth.
2012;26:20e27.
[27] Marsman M, Kappen TH, Vernooij LM, van der
Hout EC, van Waes JA, van Klei WA. Association of a
liberal fasting policy of clear uids before surgery with fasting
duration and patient well-being and safety. JAMA Surg.
2023;158:254e263.
[28]黄建朋,王春飞,田琼,等.胃镜检查禁饮时间缩短至
2小时的安全性研究[J].中国内镜杂志,2020,26(09):25-28.
[29] 何丽娟 , 申中秋 , 陈 斌 , 等 . 无痛胃镜麻醉术
前最佳禁饮时间的可行性研究 [J]. 现代诊断与治
疗,2016,27(13):2491-2493.
[30]张俊涛,孙含瑞,陈俊名,等.加速康复外科理念指
导下患者术前禁食禁饮时间的研究进展[J].中国医药导
刊,2020,22(02):100-103.
Copyright © 2026 王丹妮,蔡建庭*
Publishing time:2026-01-31
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License