Vol 4 No 1 (2022)

• Types and Application Progress of Tobacco Moistening Agents

  Feng Xu, Zhongpan Hu, Jianzhong Zhang, Hongyu Ye, Ruoxin Wu

  Tobacco moistening technology is an important direction of research in the tobacco industry and a key technology to improve tobacco quality and enhance the core competitiveness of cigarettes. The main goal of tobacco moistening is to solve the problems of rapid moisture loss, pungent, dry and harsh tobacco smoke, and thus improve the smoking comfort of tobacco products. Moreover, improving the moistening performance of tobacco can also increase the flexibility of tobacco and reduce fragmentation. The paper summarizes the factors affecting the moistening performance of tobacco, the moistening mechanism of moistening agents and the types of moistening agents, discusses the characteristics and advantages of different moistening agents in detail, and provides a reasonable outlook on the development direction of moistening technology.

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• Preparing AgNPs via biosynthesis and chemical reduction techniques and evaluating their antibacterial effects

  Abdullah Mohammed, Abdulrahman Kareem

  Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is one the most important metal in medical aspect specially as antibiotics. AgNPs show very interesting antimicrobial properties, even when used at low concentrations. Also, these cost-efficient materials have negligible immunological responses and cytotoxicity. In this study evaluation chemical reduction and biosynthesis methods of Synthesis of silver nanoparticles and this affect on antibacterial application. For this reason we prepared both of chemical nano particles and biosynthesied nanoparticles of silver and evaluated the antibacterial effects on Both of gram negative and gram positive bacteria. Size, morphology and composition of NPs were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), laser particle analyzer (LPA) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Our results showed that UV-Vis spectroscopy was performed to represent AgNP suspensions’ plasmon bands. The results show a sharp absorbance peak for AgNPs at 430 nm. For the biological synthesis of AgNPs, the preparation process was monitored through the color variations. Afterward, UV-Vis spectrophotometry was performed to measure its optical parameters. The results revealed an absorbance peak at 420 nm for the AgNPs. AgNPs produced by biological and chemical reduction methods were tested for their antimicrobial activity. To this end, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria were taken using the Agar well diffusion technique. presents the diameter of inhibition zones around each well with chemically prepared AgNPs, biologically synthesized AgNPs, and AgNO3. The highest antibacterial activity of NPs was observed in E. coli, which was more than that of S. aureus. In addition, the biosynthesized NPs showed higher antibacterial activity than those prepared using the chemical method. Finally as conclusion The results  of our study showed that producing NPs by the biosynthesis technique was more powerful than chemical processes, and the produced NPs offer a higher antibacterial activity against s,arouse.

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• Preparation of Antibiotics-containing Electrospinning Chitosan/Gelatin Nanofibers

  Salim Salman, Saeed Yaseen

  The electrospun nanofibers-based systems have opened new windows on drug delivery systems. Antibiotic treatment and drug resistance in infectious disease management have introduced some potential applications of using electrospun nanofibers. In this respect, chitosan/gelatin nanofibers can be considered a reliable source for drug delivery. This study aimed to synthesize antibiotics-containing electrospinning chitosan/gelatin nanofibers. To this end, electrospinning was performed using different concentrations of chitosan and gelatin, followed by adding ceftriaxone to the corresponding solutions. Afterward, nanofibers were crosslinked through ceftriaxone loading. The nanofiber was characterized in terms of its morphology via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses. In addition, spectrophotometrical analysis was performed to examine the amount of released ceftriaxone at 280 nm wavelength. Eventually, SPSS version 21 was used to perform statistical analyses. Based on the obtained results, the mean Gelatin diameters before and after crosslinking were 154.5±286 and 162.3±27, respectively; the mean Chitosan/gelatin (95:5) diameters before and after crosslinking were 192±25 and 208±11.6 respectively. Finally, the mean Chitosan/gelatin (80:20) diameters before and after crosslinking were 188.2±34.7 and 212.1±54.8, respectively. Overall, the obtained results indicate that the fiber diameters increase after crosslinking and by adding chitosan. This increase can be attributed to polymer chain entanglement in the gelatin chain reaction with glutaraldehyde’s aldehyde group. In addition, despite the short drug release time (i.e., 240 min). In general, chitosan lowered the drug release rate in comparison to gelatin nanofibrous. In conclusion, the fiber diameters rise with adding chitosan, followed by its glutaraldehyde crosslinking. The nanofibers showed a considerably higher drug release compared to polymeric films. Nevertheless, gelatin nanofibers such as chitosan decline the ceftriaxone release rate compared to gelatin nanofibers. Furthermore, prolonging the buffer solution immersion time enhances the drug release percentage.

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• Preparation and Physicochemical Evaluation of Hydroxyapatite-gelatin Nanoparticles

  Kivanc Ozaslan, Emre Bozkaya

  One of the promising fields of research is tissue engineering that can facilitate available therapeutic methods. Nanosized hydroxyapatite (HA) is one of the key elements in mineral bone. It is possible to affect the surrounding osteoprogenitor cells using nano-sized HA and through this improve bone repair through changing paracrine signaling. The present paper is an attempt to prepare and evaluate physicochemical properties of hydroxyapatite-gelatin nanoparticles. To this end, two sizes were prepared including S100 and S150 using standard chemical precipitation. To characterize the size and morphology of the synthesized powders, X-ray diffraction and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area were determined using Autosrob-IQ2-MP. To measure the calcium ions released by HANPs, an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) was used. The collected data was analyzed in SPSS 19.0. In the case of S100, the hydrodynamic diameter based on DLS analyses was equal to 626.10±14.95nm; this figure for S150 was equal to 262.33±46.5. There was a larger specific surface area in S100 compared to S150; in addition, S100 had wider diffraction peaks, which is in agreement with small and poorly crystalline crystals. On the other hand, the diffraction peaks of S150 were sharper, which means that the crystallinity was higher in S150. In addition, HANPs of all sizes had degradability and HANPs with smaller sizes (S100) degraded faster compared to larger-sized S150. The pH level of the control, S100, and S150 was 7.24±0.01, and 7.26±0.02 so that there was no significant difference between them. Nanoparticle size is a key factor in the biological environment, which provides a reference for HANPs in biomedical uses.

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• Performance Decay Model and Preventive Maintenance of Highway Asphalt Pavement

  Guanghui Zhao

  This work aims to study the law of performance decay of highway asphalt pavement to facilitate preventive highway maintenance. By studying the performance decay law of asphalt pavement, this work proposes to optimize the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) model with the Mind Evolutionary Algorithm, and apply the optimized model to the performance prediction of highway asphalt pavement. Some sections of Xi'an city are selected as sample data to train the neural network. A new type of asphalt material emulsified asphalt is proposed for pavement construction. Finally, the maintenance suggestions of asphalt pavement are given. The results show that the optimized BPNN model has a better fitting effect. The comprehensive evaluation indexes Root Mean Squared Error, Relative Root Mean Squared Error and Mean Absolute Error of the model prediction performance are lower than those of the model before optimization, and the decline rates are 62.46%, 62.46% and 62.71%, respectively. However, the values of Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency and R² increase by different degrees, with the increasing rates of 55.92% and 15.42%, respectively. It reveals that the optimized BPNN has more advantages in predicting road pavement performance, with higher accuracy and lower error rate. It provides a new idea for studying the maintenance of highway asphalt pavement. The performance of new asphalt materials is better than that of ordinary asphalt materials.

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• A Rising Platform for Advanced Materials Science and Technology

  Zhong-Yong Yuan

  It is a great privilege and honor for me to serve as the Editor-in-Chief of Advanced Materials Science and Technology (AMST). I want to express my heartfelt thanks to the editorial team for their efforts to make the journal going to the success.

  AMST, founded in 2019, is publishing research papers of high quality in the field of materials science and technology. Materials science and industry are entering a new era of green, high-end and intelligent, under pressure from the global community on the environment and energy needs^[1-3]. Many countries are developing strategies for clean energy and low-carbon innovation. This depends to a great extent on the innovation research of new materials, functional materials and intelligent materials and development of related science and technology^[4,5]. It is under such background and requirement that our journal, AMST, was founded and is fast growing, providing a platform to the scientific community for the exchange of knowledge about the chemistry and technology of new materials, especially to the increasingly inter- and multidisciplinary nature of materials-based research. Our journal is to give some insight into the opportunities and challenges related to advanced materials science and technology, and to call on more researchers participating actively in and sharing the chance. AMST is serving our readers with high level papers under our rigorous but fair peer-review procedures, and publish on a not-for-profit basis for the benefit of the scientific community. Indeed, we try our best to take the journal forward to continue growing as a trusted and respected gold open access venue for the publication of high quality, impactful results on the frontiers of materials-based research.

  We hope you enjoy this rising star in materials research as much as we do, and wonderful future issues is coming.

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