Vol 3 No 4 (2025)

• Optimized Strategies for High School Physics Homework Design

  Cheng-Jun Liu

  High school physics homework serves as a crucial medium connecting classroom instruction with after-class consolidation, and its design quality directly influences teaching effectiveness and the cultivation of students' core disciplinary competencies. At present, high school physics homework is characterized by monotonous task types, insufficient hierarchical differentiation, and limited targeting, which constrains the development of students' learning initiative and thinking abilities. Based on constructivist learning theory and multiple intelligences theory, this paper explores specific strategies for optimizing high school physics homework design from four dimensions: homework objective orientation, task-type innovation, hierarchical structuring, and evaluation and feedback. Through scientifically designed homework, the study aims to enhance both the effectiveness and engagement of assignments, thereby supporting students in deepening their understanding of physics knowledge and improving disciplinary thinking and problem-solving abilities.

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• Practical Research on Modern Information Technology Empowering the Quality Enhancement of Early Childhood Art Education

  Ru Li

  Against the backdrop of the digital transformation of education, modern information technology (IT) has introduced new opportunities for early childhood art education. As a core component of aesthetic education, art education for young children is crucial for developing the observation, imagination, and creativity of children aged 3 to 6. Given that children in this stage possess highly figurative thinking, information technology aligns with their learning characteristics and can effectively reconstruct educational elements. Currently, early childhood art education faces dilemmas such as rigid instructional modes, insufficient resources, a lack of personalized guidance, and singular evaluation methods. Information technology offers solutions through interactive tools and intelligent technologies. This paper explores practical paths—including the construction of immersive teaching scenarios, the application of digital creative tools, the establishment of resource-sharing platforms, and the implementation of personalized guidance and evaluation—and proposes optimization strategies and precautions to provide a reference for enhancing the quality of early childhood art education.

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• Designing and Implementing Whole-Book Reading Instruction of From the Soil from the Perspective of Secondary Vocational Students' Career Development Needs

  Cai-Hong Shao

  Against the backdrop of quality improvement and excellence enhancement in vocational education, the career development needs of secondary vocational students have shifted from single-skill improvement to the cultivation of comprehensive competencies. Whole-book reading instruction of From the Soil (Xiangtu Zhongguo) has become an important vehicle for addressing these needs. Based on secondary vocational students' career-related needs in cognition, affect, and ability, this paper explores the vocational education resources embedded in the book, constructs a reading instruction framework centered on occupational scenarios, and proposes a four-stage progressive pathway along with key instructional strategies. Through instructional redesign, the study achieves an in-depth integration of classical texts and vocational education, helping secondary vocational students consolidate professional ethics, cultivate local and rural awareness, broaden their horizons, and enhance core professional competitiveness as well as sustainable development capacity.

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• Research and Practice on the Path of Integrating Ideological and Political Education into Professional Course Construction

  Meng Xia

  To implement the fundamental task of "fostering virtue through education" and address issues in ideological and political education (IPE) integration in professional courses—such as "disconnection between professional and IPE content," "narrow interpretation of IPE elements," and "difficulty in practical implementation"—this study takes the course Interface Design and Implementation at Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology as the research object. Based on the construction background of the national high-level software technology professional cluster, the study explores and constructs a "1-2-3-3 AI-empowered" IPE construction model for courses. By innovating IPE integration paths, reconstructing teaching content, optimizing classroom teaching, developing digital resources, and improving the evaluation system, the model realizes the organic unity of value shaping, knowledge impartment, and competence development. Practice shows that this path effectively enhances students' political identity and professional literacy, and strengthens teachers' ability to conduct IPE through professional teaching, providing a reference for IPE construction in similar professional courses.

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• Internal Logic and Implementation Pathways for the Collaborative Cultivation of Cultural Confidence and Social-Emotional Competencies in English Subject Teaching

  Qian Wang

  This paper focuses on the collaborative cultivation of cultural confidence and social-emotional competencies in English subject teaching. It expounds on the connotation of cultural confidence within English teaching, analyzing its advantages as a linguistic carrier and in terms of teaching content. It explores the internal logic, covering the consistency of objectives, the integration of content, and the complementarity of methods. Implementation pathways are proposed, including optimizing objective design, integrating teaching content, innovating methodological strategies, improving the evaluation system, and enhancing teacher competency. The aim is to provide theoretical and practical references for achieving their collaborative cultivation in English teaching and nurturing well-rounded individuals.

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• AI-Empowered Research on College Mathematics Teaching

  Hong-Yu Zhang

  With the rapid rise of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, the teaching of college mathematics must evolve accordingly. As a fundamental discipline for science and engineering majors, college mathematics requires innovation in curriculum content, teaching methods, instructional formats, and evaluation systems under the empowerment of AI. Such innovation not only provides students with more adaptive and efficient learning models but also offers new opportunities for teacher development. This paper explores the construction of intelligent teaching systems, the reshaping of teacher roles, and the improvement of evaluation mechanisms within the context of AI-empowered college mathematics education.

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• Cultivation Paths for Students' Thinking Abilities in High School Chemistry Teaching

  Ya-Ru Liu

  The cultivation of students' thinking abilities in high school chemistry teaching is a core element in improving teaching quality. Currently, high school chemistry education faces multiple challenges, including students' weak abstract thinking, limited experimental inquiry capabilities, and significant difficulties in the transfer and application of knowledge. Starting with a situational analysis, this study discusses in detail the primary problems existing in high school chemistry teaching and their limiting factors on students' intellectual development. In response to these challenges, four cultivation strategies are proposed: optimizing the structure of classroom teaching, improving the quality of experimental inquiry activities, constructing knowledge network systems, and refining evaluation and feedback processes. Through systematic pedagogical reform and methodological innovation, students' logical, innovative, and critical thinking can be effectively enhanced, establishing a solid foundation for lifelong learning.

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• The Communication Characteristics and Reconstruction of Discursive Power in Art Criticism in the Age of Social Media

  Xin-Mei-Xuan Ye

  In the age of social media, profound transformations have occurred in the communication characteristics and discursive power of art criticism. The subjects of communication have shifted from elite monopoly to pluralistic coexistence; content has turned from in-depth interpretation to fragmented expression; channels have achieved multi-platform integration; and the impact now breaks through insular circles to reach widespread public coverage. Discursive power has been reconstructed in terms of its subjects, content, operational mechanisms, and evaluation criteria. However, this reconstruction of communication and discursive power faces numerous challenges. This paper proposes optimization pathways, including enhancing communication quality, standardizing the discourse order, and improving support systems, to promote the healthy development of art criticism.

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• Research on the Effect of Integrating Labor Education with Interior Decoration Aesthetic Elements on Enhancing Students' Hands-on Practice Interest

  Shuang Lei

  As an important approach to cultivating students' practical and innovative abilities, labor education plays a vital role in holistic talent development. This study innovatively integrates labor education with interior decoration aesthetic elements. By designing a curriculum encompassing basic material cognition, core spatial aesthetic design, and cultural-themed creation, empirical results indicate that this model significantly enhances students' interest in hands-on practice. The interest scores of the experimental group increased by 28.3%, and 68.3% of students continued to engage in related activities after the experiment, confirming the positive effect of aesthetic integration on stimulating students' practical enthusiasm and creativity.

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• Cultivating Students' Critical Thinking Ability in College English Reading Teaching

  Ya-Jing Jin

  This paper focuses on cultivating students' critical thinking ability in college English reading teaching. It begins by outlining the connotation of critical thinking ability and its significance in reading teaching, then analyzes core issues and their causes, such as deviations in educational philosophy, imperfections in the teaching system, and limitations in teacher competence. Subsequently, a cultivation system is constructed, clarifying principles and objectives, the overall framework, and phased pathways. Finally, specific implementation strategies are proposed, covering the optimization of teaching content, methodological innovation, evaluation reform, and teacher and resource support, providing theoretical and practical references for enhancing students' critical thinking ability.

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• Application Status and Improvement Suggestions for Digital Teaching Resources in Management Accounting Under the Background of Digital Transformation

  Ya-Zhi Zhang

  The global wave of digital transformation is driving enterprise innovation and presenting new requirements for the cultivation of accounting talent. As a key branch of the accounting discipline, management accounting holds significant value in the construction of digital teaching resources. At present, although the digital teaching resources for management accounting can meet the needs of basic instruction, there are notable shortcomings in terms of content timeliness, knowledge breadth, technical support, and practical applicability, leading to a mismatch between supply and demand. This paper further analyzes the root causes of these issues and proposes pathways such as building a resource system based on job competency standards, integrating ideological and political elements into the curriculum, and establishing a diversified collaborative supply model involving government, schools, industries, and enterprises. The aim is to cultivate high-quality and skilled accounting talents that align with market needs.

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• Analysis of Innovation in High School Physics Teaching Under the Background of the New College Entrance Examination

  Wen-Na Li

  The reform of the "New College Entrance Examination" (NCEE) has imposed higher requirements on high school physics teaching, rendering traditional pedagogical models insufficient for the talent cultivation needs of the new era. By deeply analyzing the alignment between the core concepts of the NCEE reform and the characteristics of physics as a discipline, this paper explores the current challenges and opportunities facing high school physics education. Research indicates that the cultivation of students' core literacy, the transformation of teaching methods, and the reconstruction of evaluation systems have become key elements of instructional innovation. Based on these findings, this article proposes specific innovation strategies across three dimensions: updating educational philosophies, optimizing teaching methods, and improving evaluation mechanisms. These strategies include constructing student-centered teaching models, promoting pedagogical practices that integrate inquiry-based and cooperative learning, and establishing a diversified evaluation system. Through systematic instructional innovation, students' core physics literacy can be effectively enhanced, promoting all-round development and providing theoretical guidance and practical reference for high school physics teaching under the NCEE framework.

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• A Brief Discussion on Strategies to Enhance the Effectiveness of English Teaching in Rural Junior High Schools

  Chang-Sheng Peng

  With the advancement of rural education revitalization, the effectiveness of English teaching in rural junior high schools has become a crucial issue, constrained by factors such as limited resources and students' learning conditions. This paper focuses on English teaching in rural junior high schools. It first outlines the teaching characteristics, then analyzes the current situation in depth, identifying problems such as weak teaching faculty, insufficient student foundation and motivation, scarce teaching resources, and outdated teaching concepts and methods. In response to these challenges, the paper proposes several strategies to improve teaching effectiveness, including constructing contextualized teaching models, implementing differentiated instruction, strengthening cooperative learning in groups, utilizing multimedia and online resources, and optimizing teaching evaluation. The aim is to enhance the quality of English teaching in rural junior high schools, emphasize the cultivation of students' core competencies, and provide feasible references for the development of rural English education.

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• An Exploration of English Teaching in Junior High Schools under a Multimedia Environment

  Gao-Fei Dai

  The application of multimedia technology in the field of education is becoming increasingly widespread, bringing innovative opportunities and positive impacts to English teaching in junior high schools. This paper discusses the significance of multimedia application in junior high school English teaching, its specific use across various teaching stages, and corresponding teaching strategies. Multimedia can stimulate students' interest in learning, enrich teaching resources, improve teaching efficiency, and promote autonomous learning. In the teaching of vocabulary, grammar, listening, speaking, reading, and writing, multimedia intuitively presents teaching content through various forms such as images, animations, and games, thereby enhancing teaching effectiveness. Regarding teaching strategies, teachers should appropriately utilize multimedia resources, design interactive activities, pay attention to individual differences, and implement tailored instruction. They should provide students with personalized learning resources and guidance so that every student can find a suitable learning path within the multimedia teaching environment and improve their English learning outcomes.

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• A Brief Discussion on the Development Trends and Employment Prospects of the UAV Industry under Information Technology

  Ming Yang

  Information technology, centered on computers and other core technologies, breaks through human physiological limitations and supports the full-chain development of the UAV industry. Driven by information technology, the UAV industry shows trends such as improved flight performance, enhanced intelligence, and upgraded communication and data transmission. Its employment fields continue to expand, job requirements are evolving, and new demands are placed on the competitiveness of job seekers. This paper recommends strengthening technological innovation cooperation, improving the industrial ecosystem, and expanding international markets to promote sustainable development of the UAV industry, enhance employment capabilities, and drive coordinated progress between industry and employment.

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• Application and Teaching of Electrical Equipment in Engineering Machinery

  Yue Liu

  Electrical equipment, as a core component of modern engineering machinery, continues to expand in both application depth and breadth. This encompasses the electrification of power systems, upgrades in intelligent monitoring and control, and the realization of automated unmanned operations, significantly enhancing the operational efficiency and reliability of engineering machinery. However, current teaching practices face challenges such as a disconnect between the curriculum and industry demands, outdated practical teaching equipment, and insufficient interdisciplinary competence among faculty. To address these issues, it is necessary to restructure the curriculum into a modular system that integrates new energy and intelligent technologies; promote virtual simulation and real project practice; and strengthen faculty industry experience and the construction of dual-qualified teaching teams. These measures aim to cultivate versatile technical talent that meets the developmental needs of the industry.

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• Research on the Alignment Path between Industry Standards and Curriculum Standards in the Dual-System Curriculum Reform of Higher Vocational Mechanical Majors

  Yu-Qi Han

  This paper explores the alignment path between industry standards and curriculum standards in the dual-system curriculum reform of higher vocational mechanical majors. By constructing a curriculum system based on industry standards, updating course content and teaching methods, strengthening practical teaching and school-enterprise cooperation, and establishing an evaluation system aligned with industry standards, the dynamic balance between talent cultivation and industrial demand can be achieved. At the same time, this study proposes safeguard measures in terms of policy support, faculty development, and teaching resource construction, so as to improve the quality of dual-system education and cultivate high-quality skilled talents that meet industry standards.

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• Paradigm Innovation of Cultural Communication Education from the Perspective of Humanities and Arts

  Ru Luo

  Humanities and arts revolve around human emotions and related elements, encompassing multiple fields and embodying aesthetic, ideological, emotional, historical, and educational values. Cultural communication education achieves cultural exchange through educational activities, functioning in transmission, subtle influence and internalization, and selective integration. Humanities and arts can enrich content, enhance emotional appeal, and cultivate cross-cultural communication competence within cultural communication education. Based on this, the paradigm of cultural communication education can be innovated from the perspectives of educational concepts, content, methods, and evaluation, thereby improving educational quality, cultivating high-caliber talent, and promoting cultural inheritance and development.

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• The Dilemmas and Breakthroughs of Novice Teachers' Instructional Leadership Under the New Curriculum Standards

  A-Fang Deng

  Abstract: The implementation of the new curriculum standards emphasizes students' subjectivity in learning and places more diverse and in-depth demands on teachers' instructional leadership. However, novice teachers often face multiple challenges, including difficulty in shifting teaching philosophies, inadequate classroom management, and insufficient capacity in assessment and resource integration. These challenges stem from both the lack of a comprehensive school support system and personal factors of the teachers themselves. To address these issues, schools should strengthen guidance and support by providing targeted training and improving mentoring systems. Meanwhile, novice teachers need to deepen their theoretical understanding, actively engage in teaching practice, enhance classroom management and assessment abilities, and improve their capacity to integrate and utilize resources, ultimately growing into outstanding educators.

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• Construction and Practical Exploration of a Middle School Psychological Crisis Intervention Service System

  De-Qiang Li, Wen Guo

  With the implementation of The Special Action Plan for Comprehensively Strengthening and Improving Students' Mental Health Work in the New Era (2023–2025), middle school class teachers, as the “first line of defense” for students' mental health, play a critical role in psychological crisis intervention. Traditional approaches to psychological crisis intervention have largely been reactive, lacking systematic preventive strategies, and there is an urgent need to shift toward a proactive prevention model. Based on positive psychology theory, this paper proposes a preventive system for middle school class teachers' psychological crisis intervention, emphasizing strategies such as enhancing psychological capital and applying strength-based interventions to improve teachers' intervention effectiveness. This study aims to provide practical guidance and theoretical support for mental health education in middle schools, promote class teachers' proactive role in psychological crisis intervention, and ultimately enhance students' mental health and well-being.

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• What’s going on? A systematic literature review of the causes and consequences of teacher shortages

  Hanneke Theelen, Dave H. J. van Breukelen

  This systematic review examines factors associated with teacher shortages in developed countries. Searches in Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC (2007–2024) yielded 1,608 unique records, of which 47 met inclusion criteria after quality appraisal. Using thematic synthesis across the teacher pipeline, we identified four clusters of associated factors: career conditions, classroom issues, demographics, and teacher well-being. Evidence consistently links low relative pay, administrative burden, insufficient support, and early-career stress to higher attrition and turnover. Consequences concentrate in reduced instructional quality, increased workload, and educational inequality. By positioning these findings against prior reviews and international data, the study advances understanding of how shortages emerge and how they affect students, teachers, schools, and society. The review highlights the need for evidence-informed strategies to support teacher recruitment and retention, and points to directions for future research and policy in teacher education and the wider profession.

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• Future Developments of Leadership and Leadership Education: Recommendations from synthesizing three foresight studies

  Ineke Blumenthal, Nick Lange, Stefanie Kisgen

  This article discusses future developments for leadership and leadership education based on three Delphi-based Foresight studies supported by 332 experts from business, science, politics, and associations. Based on a thematic analysis, six key areas were identified that may be subject to future changes: In complex and dynamic environments such as those created by digital transformation, the traditional understanding of leadership as an individual trait or role may shift toward an increasingly distributed, network-based process. Concurrently, higher education institutions may see their role expanding toward becoming partners in lifelong learning through the creation of new learning environments, consequently integrating leadership education into all university degree programs. In this context, the focus in curricula may shift more than ever from knowledge transmission to personal development. Curricula could transform into globally connected, modular, hybrid, and technology-supported learning ecosystems. Evaluation may increasingly shift toward output-, competency-, and impact-oriented approaches, while financing models may become more diversified and place greater emphasis on the educational value generated.

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• Project-Based Learning of Agricultural Practices Based on Constructivism at International Schools in China

  Yan Yin, Adrian Tsien, Runchen Guo

  This paper explores the implementation of Project-Based Learning (PBL) in the teaching of Section 5.1 "Agricultural Practices" within the AP Human Geography course at an international high school. Grounded in constructivist theory, the study designates Period 5 as the experimental class and Period 2 as the control class. Since all students in the experimental class are minors, they participated in this PBL unit after providing informed assent with parental consent. The study was designed with three core objectives: (1) to assess students’ understanding of four key agricultural practices; (2) to enhance students’ acquisition of geography-related English vocabulary.The findings indicate that PBL effectively fostered student engagement, supported deeper conceptual understanding of the subject, and facilitated a shift toward student-centered teaching. However, the study’s outcomes were notably constrained by students’ limited English proficiency, insufficient time allocated for project presentations, as well as the short intervention period and small sample size. This research underscores both the potential and contextual challenges of applying PBL in Advanced Placement (AP) courses—settings characterized by linguistic diversity and dense academic content.

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• Problems Solving to Develop Higher Order Thinking Skills: An Example for Middle School Mathematics An Example for Middle School Mathematics

  Riyanto, Diah Aryulina

  The current school curriculum in Indonesia emphasizes learning that develops higher-order thinking skills. Higher-order thinking skills are the ability to connect information logically, critically, and creatively to solve problems. These thinking skills can develop through problem-based learning. Problems in problem-based learning have characteristics including appropriateness for students, authentic, and ill-structured. A new math problem example with these characteristics is to count the amount of sesame in onde cake. Secondary school mathematics teaching can use the problem-solving process of this example as a material for fun collaborative analysis by students and teachers.

   

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• Evaluating the Innovation Efficiency of Higher Education Institutions in Mainland China: A Two-stage Analysis with Time Lag Effects

  Duogui Yang

  The ability of higher education institutions (HEI) to innovate directly affects the overall scientific and technological strength and economic development speed of the region. Many studies have examined the innovation efficiency of HEIs, but more detailed studies are needed that address time lag effects and that apply the latest evaluation orientation. To this end, this paper focuses on higher education institutions in 31 provinces in mainland China and applies an improved two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis method to evaluate their innovation efficiency from 2014 to 2020. This study divides the innovation process of higher education institutions into two stages: applications for project funding (e.g., grant applications) and project research. The study considers how projects applied for in previous years contribute to the current year’s scientific research results, and a semi-global production possibility set is constructed for dynamic measurements that are comparable across periods. There were three main study results. (1) The overall HEI innovation efficiency experienced a two-period growth process, growing from 0.7900 in 2014 to 0.8218 in 2017 in the first period, and further increasing to the highest level of 0.8473 in 2020 in the second period. (2) The efficiency of the project research stage was generally higher than the project application stage; innovative resources were used at a higher level of utilization during project research rather than project application. (3) The top five provinces in HEI innovation efficiency, represented by Beijing, also have a large number of top universities.

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• What You Need to Know to Be Considered Educated in the Age of AI, According to AI

  Jayden Z. Mun, Emma G. Mun

  The ubiquitous influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in today’s world requires a reevaluation of the traditional notions of being “educated.” To that end, we conducted an integrative review of recent (2023–2025) domestic and international literature in the fields of education, business, technology, and policy, as well as expert perspectives and insights from advanced AI systems. The results presented here highlight a redefinition of educational excellence that emphasizes human–AI collaboration and the cultivation of unique human strengths. Those results also identify key foundational competencies such as AI literacy, critical thinking, creative adaptability, ethical reasoning, and interpersonal skills that are deemed essential for being considered educated in the AI age. We also discuss how AI reshapes educational paradigms, from K–12 to higher education and workforce development, and examine challenges, including ethical dilemmas, equity gaps, and academic integrity concerns. Finally, we propose a number of recommendations that encourage educators, institutions, and policymakers to adapt curricula, teaching practices, and policies to prepare learners for an AI-augmented society.

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• Exploring Sociological Perspectives on Empathy: An Analysis of the Role of Socialization Agents on Adolescent Empathy Development

  Shayl R. Khatod

  Adolescence is a formative period for the development of empathy and prosocial behavior. A plethora of research focuses on the psychological elements of empathy education in adolescents; however, there is a dearth of research from other subjects, like sociology. This paper aims to explore the development of empathy through sociological perspectives by examining the socialization of empathy through adolescence. The study focuses on three main socialization agents: social media, parents, and peers. It includes both qualitative, through thematic analysis, and quantitative, through review of survey results, by analyzing qualitative survey results in which peers offered their viewpoint on the impact of each agent on empathy development within themselves and their peers. Findings from the study indicate both the impact and direction of impact on adolescent empathy development for social media, parents, and peers. The study highlights that peers have the most significant impact on empathy development, though their direction of impact is neutral due to qualitative themes like empathic reciprocation; parents had the second most significant impact on empathy development and the most positive direction of impact; and social media had the least effect and most negative direction of impact. This study aims to inform social and emotional learning curricula to promote student empathy by highlighting the most critical socialization agents in fostering empathy in youth.

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• The Study Journeys of Commercial Schools Educators in Bohemia and Moravia and the Transfer of Pedagogical Expertise in the Early 20th Century

  Petr Kadlec

  Introducing the phenomenon of study trips by teachers from commercial schools, this study highlights their function as a specific form of the transfer of pedagogical experience during the early 20th century. The topic is illustrated through the travel of selected key figures from educational institutions in Bohemia and Moravia. The objective of the text is to provide a typology of the participants and purposes of these study trips. It also analyses the initiatives behind them, the teachers’ motivations, the approval process, their course, and subsequent reflection. The structure of the study corresponds to these objectives. Based on a combination of archival and printed sources (specifically documents from the Ministries of Education and Foreign Affairs, press publications of the time, and annual school reports), the author aims to evaluate the contribution of study trips undertaken by teachers at commercial schools to pedagogical practice and the role of state administration in supporting them.

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• Pragmatic Holism in Practice: Autoethnographic and Ethical Reflections on Becoming an Educative Leader in Diverse Contexts

  Reynold J.S. Macpherson

  This paper offers an autoethnographic and ethical analysis of becoming an educative leader through six higher education roles and experience as a system policy advisor. Educative leadership is defined by its educative intent and outcomes and evaluated against both teleological and deontological criteria. Using an interpretivist methodology, autobiographical data were analysed to construct a practical theory of educative leadership that spans philosophy-in-action, strategy, politics, culture, management, and evaluation. The study identifies the application of diverse moral philosophies in practice, including Kantian deontology, rational consequentialism, pragmatism, relational ethics, social contract theory, and teleological ethics. Findings suggest that effective educative leadership benefits from integrating multiple ethical frameworks, enabling principled yet context-responsive decision-making across varied domains of practice. Pragmatic holism is highlighted as a particularly flexible and adaptive ethical foundation, allowing leaders to balance competing principles while remaining sensitive to institutional constraints, cultural diversity, and real-world complexities. Reflective practice emerges as essential for navigating tensions between moral commitments, practical outcomes, and relational responsibilities. While self-reporting limits generalisability, this study contributes to the development of ethical leadership frameworks and underscores the importance of ongoing research to refine and adapt moral philosophy for diverse educational contexts.

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• Few-Shot Deep Learning Empowers Education Personalization: Technical Principles, Application Pathways, and Challenges

  Zhen Jiang

  The demand for personalized education is becoming increasingly urgent. However, artificial intelligence (AI) applications in education, which rely on big data paradigms, face fundamental limitations such as cold starts, and data scarcity. Few-shot learning (FSL), as a "bionic" learning paradigm, exhibits a high degree of theoretical alignment with the personalized needs of educational scenarios. It offers a promising path for building data-efficient personalized education systems. This paper systematically analyzes the core technical principles of FSL, explores its applicability to key educational scenarios, and constructs a technical implementation framework. It provides theoretical and architectural guidance for the application of FSL in the field of personalized education. Moreover, we prospectively identify potential risks and future directions.

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• Artificial Intelligence: Building Quality in Developing Creativity, Innovation, and Motivation in the Learning and Teaching Process

  Junaidi

  Artificial intelligence technology is expected to enhance educational quality and help students maximise their potential. Artificial intelligence technology can assist teachers in various ways, particularly in administrative tasks such as creating more interactive learning processes, setting final grades based on standards and assessments, and simplifying administrative processes. Artificial intelligence's advantages lie in its ability to automate tasks performed by educational institutions and to quickly generate and evaluate content. However, artificial intelligence also has disadvantages, such as uncertainty about control and privacy risks. As artificial intelligence cannot replace teachers, it is preferable for artificial intelligence to assist teachers in the learning process and in their emotional approach, helping to shape students' characters in the Society 5.0 era.

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• Multiculturalism in Modern Education and Pluralistic Societies

  Ahmet İlhan Başar, Tzu Yu Allison Lin, Sevilay Sahin

  Multiculturalism in education is a multi-dimensional and dynamic field of research, reflecting the complex nature of pluralistic societies that are increasing in number throughout the modern world. Theoretical perspectives on multicultural education offer a critical insight into how education systems of these pluralistic societies can address the cultural diversity and promote social justice. This research delves into the theoretical fundamentals of multiculturalism in education, examining the key concepts, theories and frameworks. As we navigate the complexities of globalization and cultural interaction, the principles of multicultural education remain essential in shaping a more inclusive and equitable future for all.

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• Agree to (Dis)agree: A Shifting Point of View of the Disgraceful Other David Lurie in J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace (o.p. 1999)

  Dr. Vivien Jiaqian Zhu

  This essay offers a critical reading of J. M. Coetzee’s 库切 novelistic legacy from both Disgrace (o.p. 1999) and Elizabeth Costello (o.p. 2003). It explores the problematic issues with representations of animals and its inter-“connection” between literature and the larger physical world (Mohamad Ali Hassan Alakhdar, 2019; Alakhdar, 2012; Alakhdar, 2019). On the other hand, it mitigates the public narrative web of social others within anthropocentric and biocentric perspectives (Wagner 2017; Miller 米勒 1988; Watt 1957; Hale 多萝西・J. 黑尔 1989; Hale 多萝西・J. 黑尔 1998; Johnson 2002; Mahfouz-Brown 張仲思 March 5, 2015;  Caillois 1942; Zhu 2024; Zola 1960-1967; Lukács 1950; Lukács 1920).

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• Scholarship Spending in Slovenia: Aligning Purpose and Needs

  Vesna Skrbinjek, Diana Pivc

  This study investigates the purposes of scholarship spending in Slovenia, with a particular focus on state (public) scholarships and Zois (talent development) scholarships. It examines the fundamental objectives of scholarship provision, the structure of higher education indirect financing, and the characteristics of the Slovenian scholarship system, including eligibility criteria and scholarship types. A total of 87 higher education students participated in a survey designed to explore their scholarship spending patterns and assess whether these expenditures align with the intended purpose of the financial support as intended. The survey also examines students’ attitudes toward scholarships, perceived fairness of the system, and differences in how scholarships are used—particularly regarding support for academic success and talent development. Findings indicate that scholarships are not always utilized as intended, many students perceive the system as unfair, and the current scholarship amounts are insufficient to meet students' needs in the context of the current socio-economic challengest. Based on these findings, the study proposes several recommendations for the improvement and more equitable development of the scholarship system in Slovenia.

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• Integrating Localization into Educational Policy Implementation in Humanitarian Settings: A Case Study of South Sudan

  Suleiman Ibrahim Roba

  This article examines how localization can be integrated into the implementation of educational policy in humanitarian settings. The article asks three key questions: i) How is localization currently practiced in the implementation of educational policy in South Sudan’s humanitarian settings? ii) What mechanisms enable or constrain the systematic integration of localization into formal educational policy implementation in South Sudan? and iii) what opportunities exist for integrating localization in educational policy implementation in South Sudan’s humanitarian settings? It draws on 104 completed questionnaires and 18 key informant interviews (KIIs), and secondary data. The article identifies three mechanisms that successfully link policy to localized practice: (1) flexible funding streams that prioritize multi-year local grants; (2) institutionalized local representation in coordination and planning bodies; and (3) community-driven monitoring systems that align local priorities with national targets. However, financial dependency, political centralization, capacity gaps, and trust deficits hinder systematic integration.  In addition, the article identifies three opportunities for integrating localization in educational policy implementation in South Sudan’s humanitarian settings. These included partnership and coalition-building, recognition of the role of local actors, and international policy frameworks. The study concludes that advancing localization requires structural reforms that redistribute power toward local actors. Doing so would move localization in South Sudan’s education sector from aspiration to transformative practice. The study concludes with recommendations for donors, ministries, and NGOs to rebalance power in decision-making and to invest in long-term systems strengthening that centers local ownership.

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